Archival ReportPolygenic Risk Scores for Developmental Disorders, Neuromotor Functioning During Infancy, and Autistic Traits in Childhood
Section snippets
Methods and Materials
This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based birth cohort in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, which recruited more than 9000 pregnant women with a delivery date from April 2002 to January 2006 to study early determinants of development and health in childhood and adolescence (15). From this birth cohort, we included a pediatric sample of European ancestry with available genotype data (n = 2830) (16). Between 9 and 20 weeks of age, 1174 infants (41% of 2830 with genotyping
Results
Children had an average neuromotor score of 1.67 (SD = 0.96), mean age at neuromotor assessment was 12.6 weeks (SD = 20), and 48.7% of children were girls. Mothers were on average 31.3 years old (SD = 4.7), and 55% of them completed higher education.
A higher PRSASD was positively associated with less optimal overall neuromotor development during infancy (e.g., with GWAS pT < 1, β = .048, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .007, .090, p = .02) (Figure 1 and Table 1). There was a relationship between
Discussion
In this population-based study of children from European ancestry, a higher genetic liability for ASD was associated with less optimal overall infant neuromotor development and low muscle tone at 9 to 20 weeks of age. Genetic susceptibility contributes to both less optimal infant neuromotor development and autistic traits at 6 years of age. Both ASD and ADHD genetic susceptibility were related to less optimal senses and other observations and autistic traits in boys only.
Previous studies have
Acknowledgments and Disclosures
The general design of the Generation R Study is supported by the Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, the Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw “Geestkracht” programme 10.000.1003), the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NOW), and the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport. The Generation R Study is conducted by the Erasmus Medical Center in close collaboration with the School of Law and the Faculty of Social Sciences of
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2023, Trends in NeurosciencesSystematic Review: Molecular Studies of Common Genetic Variation in Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders
2022, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryCitation Excerpt :Childhood cross-trait analyses were mostly limited to ADHD and ASD (Table S3, available online), with studies showing associations between PRSs of ADHD and ASD, and childhood conduct disorder symptoms, irritability, ADHD symptoms, social communication problems/autistic traits, eating disorder symptoms, anxiety and depression as well as higher symptom levels in latent externalizing, internalizing, and general psychopathology factors (Table 2).36,51-64 Further, female participants with clinical diagnoses of anxiety and depression were found to have higher ADHD PRSs than male participants,52 while male, but not female, participants with higher ADHD PRSs had higher autistic trait scores.56 As with the PRS analyses, childhood cross-trait analyses using GREML and LDSC generally focused on ADHD and ASD, with reported genetic correlations of up to 0.37 based on clinical samples (Figure 3, Table S4, available online).20,87,88
Systematic Review: How the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Polygenic Risk Score Adds to Our Understanding of ADHD and Associated Traits
2021, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryCitation Excerpt :Only one study (on autism) reported a significant positive association with the ADHD PRS, although full effect sizes were not provided.67 One study on autistic traits reported a significant positive association in male participants only but the effect was not present for the full sample or in female participants.64 All but 1 of the 8 studies on brain structure or connectivity29,49,54,56,63,65,66 reported significant associations with the ADHD PRS.
Infant Neuromotor Development: An Early Indicator of Genetic Liability for Neurodevelopmental Disorders
2020, Biological Psychiatry