Issue 2, 2019
From the journal:

Molecular Omics

Small open reading frames and cellular stress responses

Alexandra Khitun,†ab   Travis J. Ness†ab  and  Sarah A. Slavoff ORCID logo *abc  

* Corresponding authors

a Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
E-mail: sarah.slavoff@yale.edu

b Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA

c Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA

Abstract

Small open reading frames (smORFs) encoding polypeptides of less than 100 amino acids in eukaryotes (50 amino acids in prokaryotes) were historically excluded from genome annotation. However, recent advances in genomics, ribosome footprinting, and proteomics have revealed thousands of translated smORFs in genomes spanning evolutionary space. These smORFs can encode functional polypeptides, or act as cis-translational regulators. Herein we review evidence that some smORF-encoded polypeptides (SEPs) participate in stress responses in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and that some upstream ORFs (uORFs) regulate stress-responsive translation of downstream cistrons in eukaryotic cells. These studies provide insight into a regulated subclass of smORFs and suggest that at least some SEPs may participate in maintenance of cellular homeostasis under stress.

Graphical abstract: Small open reading frames and cellular stress responses

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Article information

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1039/C8MO00283E
Article type
Review Article
Submitted
22 Dec 2018
Accepted
13 Feb 2019
First published
13 Feb 2019
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Mol. Omics, 2019,15, 108-116

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Small open reading frames and cellular stress responses

A. Khitun, T. J. Ness and S. A. Slavoff, Mol. Omics, 2019, 15, 108 DOI: 10.1039/C8MO00283E

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