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Crystal chemistry and origin of epidote-(Sr) in alkaline rocks of the teschenite association (Silesian Unit, Outer Western Carpathians, Czech Republic)

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Abstract

A new occurrence of epidote-(Sr) CaSr(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH), Sr-REE-rich epidote and Sr-rich allanite-(Ce) is located in Lower Cretaceous, Sr-rich hydrothermally altered leucocratic dykes penetrating alkaline igneous rocks (teschenites) near the Nový Jičín town (the Silesian Unit, Outer Western Carpathians). The dykes contain phenocrysts of pyroxene, amphibole, biotite, fluorapatite and dominant felsic groundmass consisting mostly of alkali feldspars and zeolites (analcime, natrolite and thomsonite-Ca). Accessory minerals include Ti-rich magnetite, prehnite, chamosite, pyrite, calcite, (OH, F)-rich grossular, epidote-group minerals, HFSE-, REE-rich minerals, Sr-rich baryte and slawsonite. The Sr-rich epidote forms columnar crystals or irregular aggregates, which are mostly spatially related to chamosite-titanite pseudomorphs; it contains 0.15–0.81 apfu Sr, ≤ 0.55 apfu REE; Fe3+/(Fe3+ + Al) = 0.16–0.48. The Sr2+ substitutes Ca2+ in the A2 site by a coupled substitution involving other A2 (REE3+, Th4+) or M (Al3+, Fe3+, Fe2+) cations. The Sr-rich epidote crystallized from hydrothermal solutions, probably at temperatures between ~ 250–430 °C, during cooling of the host rock. The dykes show higher Sr contents (5680–7830 ppm) and 87Sr/86Sri(120 Ma) ratios (~ 0.7046–0.7047) compared to host mesocratic teschenites (1310–1470 ppm Sr and ~ 0.7038–0.7045, respectively). The Sr isotopes indicate origin of most Sr from primary magmatic plagioclase in parent teschenite. Nevertheless, there also participated external fluids, derived from the Lower Cretaceous seawater or diagenetic waters related to associated siliciclastic sediments with 87Sr/86Sri(120 Ma) = ~ 0.7073–0.7083. These more radiogenic sources contributed at least 6–21% of the bulk Sr budget of the studied Sr-rich epidote-bearing leucocratic dykes.

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Acknowledgements

We thank J. Haifler and P. Gadas (Masaryk University in Brno) for performing part of the electron microprobe analyses and J. Kapusta (Palacký University in Olomouc) for taking some BSE images. This work was supported by the Palacký University Olomouc (IGA_PrF_2018_025 and IGA_PrF_2019_017) to K.K., by the Ministry of the Culture of the Czech Republic (DKRVO 2019–2023/1.II.e, 00023272) to Z.D., by the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic (DKRVO/ČGS/2018–2022) to D.B. and by the EXPRO project of the Czech Science Foundation 810 (No.19-29124X) to T.U. We also gratefully thank to both reviewers (B. Budzyń and an anonymous reviewer) for constructive and helpful comments, which improved the clarity of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic

    Kamil Kropáč

  2. Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, Prague 9, 193 00, Czech Republic

    Zdeněk Dolníček

  3. Department of Mineralogy, Petrology and Economic Geology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava, 842 15, Slovak Republic

    Pavel Uher

  4. Czech Geological Survey, Leitnerova 22, Brno, 658 59, Czech Republic

    David Buriánek

  5. BIC spol. s r. o. Brno: building of the Technology Innovation Transfer Chamber, Purkyňova 125, Brno, 612 00, Czech Republic

    Tomáš Urubek

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  1. Kamil Kropáč
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  2. Zdeněk Dolníček
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  3. Pavel Uher
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Contributions

K.K. and Z.D. conceived, designed and carried out the research and wrote the main manuscript text. K.K. drafted the manuscript. P.U., D.B., and T.U. contributed to data interpretations, discussion, and revision of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Kamil Kropáč.

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Kropáč, K., Dolníček, Z., Uher, P. et al. Crystal chemistry and origin of epidote-(Sr) in alkaline rocks of the teschenite association (Silesian Unit, Outer Western Carpathians, Czech Republic). Miner Petrol 118, 55–70 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-023-00847-w

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