Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Improved Assessment of Chromium Evaporation Rates in Solid Oxide Cell Balance of Plant Component Alloys

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
High Temperature Corrosion of Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The chromium (Cr) evaporation from balance-of-plant (BoP) component alloys in high-temperature environments can severely deteriorate the electrochemical performance of solid oxide cells (SOCs) in fuel (SOFC) and electrolysis (SOEC) modes. However, accurate assessment of Cr evaporation is challenging due to potential interferences from the experimental conditions and test apparatus. In this study, we investigate four distinct methods for assessing the Cr evaporation rates of candidate alumina-forming austenitic and chromia-forming austenitic BoP alloys under relevant simulated SOC operating conditions of 800–900 °C in air with 10% H2O. A method using a sodium carbonate coated thin alumina tube is identified, which effectively mitigates the interference caused by (1) the deposition of silicon deposits originating from quartz furnace tubes, (2) detrimental effects of sodium species on the oxidation process of alloys from the sodium carbonate used to enhance Cr oxy hydroxide species capture, or (3) chemical interaction between Cr gaseous species and the alumina furnace tube. This optimal method provides improved assessment of Cr evaporation, enabling further efforts to build correlation between Cr species quantities to the degradation rates of SOCs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. E. Konysheva, H. Penkalla, E. Wessel, J. Mertens, U. Seeling, L. Singheiser, K. Hilpert, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 153 (2006) A765.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. S. Badwal, R. Deller, K. Foger, Y. Ramprakash, J. Zhang, Solid State Ion, 99 (1997) 297.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Y.D. Zhen, J. Li, S.P. Jiang, Journal of Power Sources, 162 (2006) 1043.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. M. Stanislowski, E. Wessel, K. Hilpert, T. Markus, L. Singheiser, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 154 (2007) A295.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. L. Ge, A. Verma, R. Goettler, D. Lovett, R.K.S. Raman, P. Singh, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 44 (2013) 193.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. M. Stanislowski, E. Wessel, T. Markus, L. Singheiser, W. Quadakkers, Solid State Ionics, 179 (2008) 2406.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. L. Zhou, J.H. Mason, W. Li, X. Liu, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 134 (2020) 110320.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Y. Chen, S. Yoo, X. Li, D. Ding, K. Pei, D. Chen, Y. Ding, B. Zhao, R. Murphy, B. deGlee, J. Liu, M. Liu, Nano Energy, 47 (2018) 474.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Z. Yang, M. Guo, N. Wang, C. Ma, J. Wang, M. Han, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42 (2017) 24948.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. J.R. Mawdsley, J. David Carter, A. Jeremy Kropf, B. Yildiz, V.A. Maroni, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 34 (2009) 4198.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. W.B. Guan, L. Jin, X. Ma, W.G. Wang, Fuel Cells, 12 (2012) 1085.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. J.G. Grolig, J. Froitzheim, J.E. Svensson, Journal of Power Sources, 248 (2014) 1007.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. R.L. Winter, P. Singh, M.K. King, M.K. Mahapatra, U. Sampathkumaran, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2018 (2018) 1.

  14. S.P. Jiang, Y.D. Zhen, S. Zhang, A.I.Y. Tok, P. Wu, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 153 (2006) A2120.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. S. Geng, J. Zhu, M.P. Brady, H.U. Anderson, X.-D. Zhou, Z. Yang, Journal of Power Sources, 172 (2007) 775.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. L. Zhou, H.O. Finklea, W. Li, W. Shi, M.P. Brady, T.B. Eldred, R. Garcia, H. Tian, L. Ma, Y. Wang, Z. Zeng, X. Liu, Electrochimica Acta, 428 (2022) 140933.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. L. Ma, Y. Wang, W. Li, B. Guan, H. Qi, H. Tian, L. Zhou, H.A. De Santiago, X. Liu, Journal of Power Sources, 488 (2021) 229458.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Z. Li, B. Guan, F. Xia, J. Nie, W. Li, L. Ma, W. Li, L. Zhou, Y. Wang, H. Tian, J. Luo, Y. Chen, M. Frost, K. An, X. Liu, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 14 (2022) 24363.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. E.A. Gulbransen, K.F. Andrew, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 104 (1957) 334.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. K.P. Lillerud, P. Kofstad, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 127 (1980) 2397.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. I. Panas, J.-E. Svensson, H. Asteman, T.J.R. Johnson, L.-G. Johansson, Chemical Physics Letters, 383 (2004) 549.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. H. Asteman, J.E. Svensson, L.G. Johansson, M. Norell, Oxidation of Metals, 52 (1999) 95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. G.R. Holcomb, D.E. Alman, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 15 (2006) 394.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. M. Stanislowski, J. Froitzheim, L. Niewolak, W.J. Quadakkers, K. Hilpert, T. Markus, L. Singheiser, Journal of Power Sources, 164 (2007) 578.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. P. Gannon, V. Gorokhovsky, M. Deibert, R. Smith, A. Kayani, P. White, S. Sofie, Z. Yang, D. McCready, S. Visco, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 32 (2007) 3672.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Z. Sun, S. Gopalan, U.B. Pal, S.N. Basu, (2019) 265–272.

  27. B.A. Pint, R. Peraldi, P.J. Maziasz, Materials Science Forum, 461–464 (2004) 815.

  28. D.V.V. Satyanarayana, G. Malakondaiah, D.S. Sarma, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 323 (2002) 119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. L. Zhou, Z. Zeng, M.P. Brady, D.N. Leonard, H.M. Meyer, Y. Yamamoto, W. Li, G. Collins, X. Liu, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 46 (2021) 21619.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. M.P. Brady, Y. Yamamoto, D.N. Leonard, H.M. Meyer, S. Momono, S. Fukada, T. Uehara, A. Ashary, L. Zhou, X. Liu, ECS Meeting Abstracts, MA2021-01 (2021) 794.

  31. L. Zhou, “Minimizing Cr-evaporation from Balance of Plant Components by Utilizing Cost-Effective Alumina-Forming Austenitic Steels” (2022). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 11425.

  32. M.P. Brady, Y. Yamamoto, M.L. Santella, B.A. Pint, Scripta Materialia, 57 (2007) 1117.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Y. Yamamoto, M.P. Brady, Z.P. Lu, P.J. Maziasz, C.T. Liu, B.A. Pint, K.L. More, H.M. Meyer, E.A. Payzant, Science, 316 (2007) 433.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Y. Yamamoto, M. Takeyama, Z.P. Lu, C.T. Liu, N.D. Evans, P.J. Maziasz, M.P. Brady, Intermetallics, 16 (2008) 453.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. M.P. Brady, J. Magee, Y. Yamamoto, D. Helmick, L. Wang, Materials Science and Engineering A 590 (2014) 101.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. M.P. Brady, K. Banta, J. Mizia, N. Lorenz, D.N. Leonard, Y. Yamamoto, M. DeFoort, J.R. Keiser, Energy for Sustainable Development, 37 (2017) 20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. C. Gindorf, L. Singheiser, K. Hilpert, Steel Research, 72 (2001) 528.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. D.J. Young, B.A. Pint, Oxidation of Metals, 66 (2006) 137.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. J. Froitzheim, H. Ravash, E. Larsson, L.G. Johansson, J.E. Svensson, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 157 (2010) B1295.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. R. Trebbels, T. Markus, L. Singheiser, Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology, 7 (2010) 011013.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. M. Casteel, D. Lewis, P. Willson, M. Alinger, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 37 (2012) 6818.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. J. Froitzheim, S. Canovic, M. Nikumaa, R. Sachitanand, L.G. Johansson, J.E. Svensson, Journal of Power Sources, 220 (2012) 217.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. R. Sachitanand, M. Sattari, J.-E. Svensson, J. Froitzheim, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38 (2013) 15328.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. H. Falk-Windisch, J.E. Svensson, J. Froitzheim, Journal of Power Sources, 287 (2015) 25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. A.N. Aphale, B. Hu, M. Reisert, A. Pandey, P. Singh, Jom, 71 (2019) 116.

  46. O. Thomann, M.H. Pihlatie, J.A. Schuler, O. Himanen, J. Kiviaho, (2011) 2609.

  47. L. Ge, “Chromium Evaporation of Metallic Component Materials in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)” (2014). Doctoral Dissertations. 329.

  48. T.D. Nguyen, J. Zhang, D.J. Young, Corrosion Science, 209 (2022) 110808.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. L. Zhou, M.P. Brady, W. Li, T.B. Eldred, R. Garcia, Z. Zeng, L. Ma, Y. Wang, S. Hu, X. Liu, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 47 (2022) 38334.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. L. Zhou, W. Li, M.P. Brady, T.B. Eldred, R. Garcia, L. Ma, Y. Wang, S. Hu, W. Li, X. Liu, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.10.041.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. E.N. Bunting, Bureau of Standards Journal of Research, 6 (1931) 947.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. A. Muan, S. Somiya, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 42 (1959) 603.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. F. Bondioli, A.M. Ferrari, C. Leonelli, T. Manfredini, L. Linati, P. Mustarelli, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 83 (2004) 2036.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. S.S. Kim, T.H. Sanders, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 84 (2004) 1881.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. K. Motzfeldt, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 59 (1955) 139.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. J.-W. Kim, H.-G. Lee, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 32 (2001) 17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. D. Sergeev, E. Yazhenskikh, D. Kobertz, M. Müller, Calphad, 65 (2019) 42.

  58. X. Xu, X. Zhang, X. Sun, Z.P. Lu, Oxidation of Metals, 78 (2012) 349.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Internship/Research Participation Program at the National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and NETL under the contract number DE-FE0027947. This manuscript has been co-authored by UT-Battelle, LLCunder Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doepublic-access-plan). The authors would also like to thank the reviewers for their contributions to the manuscript and the permission from the authors of cited references.

Funding

This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Internship/Research Participation Program at the National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and NETL under the contract number DE-FE0027947.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Department, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA

    Lingfeng Zhou, Zhipeng Zeng, Liang Ma, Yi Wang, Shanshan Hu & Xingbo Liu

  2. Chemical & Biomedical Engineering Department, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA

    Wenyuan Li

  3. Materials Science & Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA

    Michael P. Brady

Authors
  1. Lingfeng Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Wenyuan Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Michael P. Brady
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Zhipeng Zeng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Liang Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yi Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Shanshan Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Xingbo Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

L.Z.: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Investigation, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Visualization. W.L.: Writing—review & editing, Supervision. M.P.B.: Writing—review & editing， Validation, Resources. Z.Z.: Investigation. L.M.: Investigation. Y.W.: Formal analysis. S.H.: Resources. Xingbo Liu: Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xingbo Liu.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhou, L., Li, W., Brady, M.P. et al. Improved Assessment of Chromium Evaporation Rates in Solid Oxide Cell Balance of Plant Component Alloys. High Temperature Corrosion of mater. 101, 13–39 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-023-10207-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-023-10207-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation