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What is the Best Source of Information for Psychopathic Traits in Youth? A Review and Meta-analysis of Self- and Other-Reported Psychopathic Traits and Their Association with Negative Outcomes

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Abstract

Child psychopathic traits appear to be associated with negative outcomes. Despite the study of youth psychopathy often relying on multiple reporters (e.g., child, caregivers, teachers), there is limited insight into how much information these various sources contribute and moreover, how this information is integrated. The present study sought to address this gap in the literature by examining the magnitude of relationships between self- and other-reported youth psychopathy and negative outcomes (e.g., delinquency, aggression) using a meta-analytic approach. Results revealed a moderate association between psychopathic traits and negative outcomes. Moderator analyses showed a greater relationship for other- than self-reported psychopathy, although not to a substantive extent. Results further indicated the magnitude of the overall psychopathy-negative outcomes association was stronger for externalizing than internalizing outcomes. Study findings can inform improvements in the assessment of youth psychopathy across research and practice, in addition to advancing our understanding of the utility of psychopathic traits in the prediction of clinically relevant outcomes. This review also provides guidance for future multisource raters and source-specific information in the study of psychopathy in youth.

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Data Availability

Study data, materials, and analyses code are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Notes

  1. Moderator analyses examining the effect of region did not include these studies.

  2. Some outliers were extracted from studies reporting only two effect sizes and so their removal meant these studies no longer met inclusion criteria as data was not available for multiple reporters. As such, these studies were removed from the dataset for analyses using data excluding potential outliers.

  3. One study included both multi- and single-component measures.

  4. Analyses examining the moderating role of the proportion of White (relative to non-White) participants in the sample did not include most studies conducted in Europe (excepting Allen et al., 2016, 2018) due to these studies only specifying the nationality of participants (e.g., Dutch, Spanish) and not the racial and/or ethnic makeup of the sample.

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The authors would like to thank Dr. Andrew Bontemps and Nicholas Bellamy for their assistance with this project.

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  1. Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, 408 Gordon Palmer Hall, 505 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA

    Beatriz Mendez, Blair D. Batky & Randall T. Salekin

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Mendez, B., Batky, B.D. & Salekin, R.T. What is the Best Source of Information for Psychopathic Traits in Youth? A Review and Meta-analysis of Self- and Other-Reported Psychopathic Traits and Their Association with Negative Outcomes. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 26, 805–823 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-023-00438-3

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