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Annual Review of Immunology

Volume 41, 2023

Interfering with Interferons: A Critical Mechanism for Critical COVID-19 Pneumonia

Abstract

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in clinical outcomes ranging from silent or benign infection in most individuals to critical pneumonia and death in a few. Genetic studies in patients have established that critical cases can result from inborn errors of TLR3- or TLR7-dependent type I interferon immunity, or from preexisting autoantibodies neutralizing primarily IFN-α and/or IFN-ω. These findings are consistent with virological studies showing that multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins interfere with pathways of induction of, or response to, type I interferons. They are also congruent with cellular studies and mouse models that found that type I interferons can limit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro and in vivo, while their absence or diminution unleashes viral growth. Collectively, these findings point to insufficient type I interferon during the first days of infection as a general mechanism underlying critical COVID-19 pneumonia, with implications for treatment and directions for future research.

Keyword(s): anticytokine autoantibodies, COVID-19, human genetics, SARS-CoV-2, type I interferon
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-immunol-101921-050835
2023-04-26
2024-04-28
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-immunol-101921-050835
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Interfering with Interferons: A Critical Mechanism for Critical COVID-19 Pneumonia
Annual Review of Immunology 41, 561 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-101921-050835
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-immunol-101921-050835
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-immunol-101921-050835
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