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Ordovician arc and syncollisional magmatism in the İstanbul-Zonguldak Tectonic Unit (NW Turkey): Implications for the consumption of the Teisseyre-Tornquist Ocean in Far East Avalonia

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Abstract

The İstanbul-Zonguldak Tectonic Unit is an Amazonia-derived continental fragment added to Baltica during the middle Paleozoic, and represents Far East Avalonia. The soft-docking time of two continental blocks, thus the consumption of the Teisseyre-Tornquist Ocean, is poorly known. This paper reports biotite-bearing dacite and pyroxene-bearing basaltic andesite and dacite dykes of Ordovician igneous crystallization ages in the İstanbul-Zonguldak Tectonic Unit (NW Turkey). They have porphyritic to spherulitic textures. U–Pb dating on igneous zircons from arc- and syncollisional-related dykes yielded Ordovician ages of ca. 484.1 ± 2.5 Ma (2σ) and 444.4 ± 3.7 to 443.0 ± 2.1 Ma (2σ). They display calc-alkaline signatures and are noteworthy with subduction components, as deduced by the presence of marked negative Nb anomalies. Biotite-bearing dykes intruded to it in an arc setting whereas pyroxene-bearing dykes emplaced into it in a syncollisional setting. Besides, Middle-Late Ordovician granites (c. 464–446 Ma) intruding the high-grade metamorphic rocks, known as rift-related intrusions in previous studies, show calc-alkaline affinities and contain subduction components, and they formed in a volcanic arc. I suggest that Early-Late Ordovician magmatism is related to the Teisseyre-Tornquist Ocean subducting under Far East Avalonia, and Late Ordovician magmatism is associated with soft-docking between two continental blocks, thus the destruction of the Teisseyre-Tornquist Ocean. Overall, its suture in Far East Avalonia overlaps with the Vardar suture in Balkans, and it can be traced from İzmir to Söğüt in Anatolia and represents the missing part in Far East Avalonia.

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Data availability

All data presented in the text of the article are fully available without restriction from the author upon request. Code availability is not applicable.

Notes

  1. The soft-docking event is described as the adding of Avalonia to Baltica; however, no unconformity planes are observed in the Ordovician–Silurian transition in Avalonia (Cocks and Fortey 2009). This collision is based on the presence of Baltica faunas in Avalonia during the late Ordovician-early Silurian (Torsvik and Rehnström, 2003; Cocks and Torsvik 2005). The syn-collisional magmatism in Avalonia during this transition supports the soft-docking phenomenon between Avalonia and Baltica (Linnemann et al. 2012).

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Acknowledgements

This paper is part of the MSc and Ph.D. theses of the author. The study was financed by İstanbul University Research Fund (MSc thesis project no: 8902 and Ph.D. thesis Project No: 45751). The project titled ''Petrology and Geodynamic Evolution of Dykes Crosscutting the İstanbul-Zonguldak Tectonic Units'' was supported by TÜBİTAK-BİDEB's 2211-C program. Permission was obtained from Prof. Dr. I. Peytcheva at the Bulgarian Academy of Science in Sofa for the publication of U-Pb zircon data in this study with a single author.

Discussions with T. Ustaömer and M.C. Göncüoğlu during the doctorate thesis are gratefully acknowledged. The author thanks A. Gawęda for constructive reviews of an earlier version of this manuscript. Furthermore, he thanks Chief-Editor M. Broekmans, and W. Dan and five anonymous referees for their thoughtful reviews and constructive criticism of his manuscript.

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The sole manuscript author received research fellowship from TÜBİTAK-BİDEB's 2211-C.

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  1. Fatih Şen

    Present address: , Toprak-89 Evleri No: 5, TR17800 Lapseki, Çanakkale, Turkey

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  1. Fen Bilimleri Ensitüsü, Istanbul Üniversitesi, TR34116 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey

    Fatih Şen

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Şen, F. Ordovician arc and syncollisional magmatism in the İstanbul-Zonguldak Tectonic Unit (NW Turkey): Implications for the consumption of the Teisseyre-Tornquist Ocean in Far East Avalonia. Miner Petrol 117, 639–661 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-023-00812-7

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