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Drivers and outcomes of smallholder market participation in Sub-Saharan Africa

  • Original Empirical Research
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Abstract

Despite agriculture being a significant contributor to sub-Saharan Africa’s economy, its exploding population puts the region at the highest global risk for food insecurity. Agricultural productivity in the region must meet the growing domestic demand and the needs of global markets. However, the central actors, smallholder farmers, face chronic challenges marketing their produce in high-value markets. While local agricultural policies encourage smallholder farmers and give them education and access, subsistence mindsets are believed to hold them back. This study approaches this challenge from a different, farmer-centric view and proposes a new construct reflecting sustained and meaningful marketing activity—smallholder market participation. With survey data from 464 smallholder farmer-entrepreneurs in Zimbabwe, we reveal how market orientation, access to ancillary services, functional literacy, entrepreneurial abilities, and marketplace metacognition allowed them to beat the odds and grow in the market. We document financial and non-financial outcomes, such as increasing credibility in the marketplace. Our findings offer agribusiness marketers and policymakers more precise indicators of smallholder engagement with markets. The study contributes to marketing theory by highlighting the marketing caliber of an understudied actor, the smallholder farmer.

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Notes

  1. “A farmer that cultivates on a small piece of land (10 hectares or less), relies on their family for labour, and has limited resources (cash or farm assets)” (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2012., p. 1).

  2. As supplementary material, the stages in developing the conceptual framework, respondent characteristics, interview guide, and illustration of the thematic coding process, will be made available on request to interested readers.

  3. Any supplementary material detailing processes for item generation, expert rater analysis, pretests, measure construction, etc., can be made available to readers upon request.

  4. http://data.uis.unesco.org/.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Social Responsibility and Sustainability Division, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 419 UCB, CO80309, USA

    Marcia F. Kwaramba

  2. Department of Marketing, Monash Business School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

    Srinivas Sridharan & Felix T. Mavondo

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  1. Marcia F. Kwaramba
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  2. Srinivas Sridharan
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  3. Felix T. Mavondo
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Correspondence to Marcia F. Kwaramba.

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Kwaramba, M.F., Sridharan, S. & Mavondo, F.T. Drivers and outcomes of smallholder market participation in Sub-Saharan Africa. J. of the Acad. Mark. Sci. 51, 1165–1183 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-022-00914-2

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