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Is Deep Brain Stimulation an Effective Treatment for Psychostimulant Dependency? A Preclinical and Clinical Systematic Review

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Abstract

Addiction to psychostimulants significantly affects public health. Standard medical therapy is often not curative. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising treatment that has attracted much attention for addiction treatment in recent years. The present review aimed to systematically identify the positive and adverse effects of DBS in human and animal models to evaluate the feasibility of DBS as a treatment for psychostimulant abuse. The current study also examined the possible mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of DBS. In February 2022, a comprehensive search of four databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus, was carried out to identify all reports that DBS was a treatment for psychostimulant addiction. The selected studies were extracted, summarized, and evaluated using the appropriate methodological quality assessment tools. The results indicated that DBS could reduce relapse and the desire for the drug in human and animal subjects without any severe side effects. The underlying mechanisms of DBS are complex and likely vary from region to region in terms of stimulation parameters and patterns. DBS seems a promising therapeutic option. However, clinical experiences are currently limited to several uncontrolled case reports. Further studies with controlled, double-blind designs are needed. In addition, more research on animals and humans is required to investigate the precise role of DBS and its mechanisms to achieve optimal stimulation parameters and develop new, less invasive methods.

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Data Availability

Data will be made available upon request. The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available, but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This study is related to the Project No. 1400/66/605 from Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. We also, appreciate “Student Reseach Committee” and “Research & Technology Chancellor” in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences for their financial support of this study.

Funding

Funding for this study was provided by the grant (No. 1400/66/605) from Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The Student Research Committee had no further role in the design of the study; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Kiarash Eskandari

  2. Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran

    Kiarash Eskandari, Mojdeh Fattahi & Abbas Haghparast

  3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical Engineering Faculty, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Hassan Yazdanian

  4. School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Abbas Haghparast

  5. Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Abbas Haghparast

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  1. Kiarash Eskandari
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  2. Mojdeh Fattahi
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Contributions

AH was responsible for the study concept and design. KE and MF contributed to the search, screening, selection, and methodological quality assessment of eligible studies incorporated into the systematic review. KE and HY drafted the manuscript. AH provided critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors critically reviewed content and approved the final version for publication.

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Correspondence to Abbas Haghparast.

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Eskandari, K., Fattahi, M., Yazdanian, H. et al. Is Deep Brain Stimulation an Effective Treatment for Psychostimulant Dependency? A Preclinical and Clinical Systematic Review. Neurochem Res 48, 1255–1268 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-022-03818-3

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