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A Coumarin-azo Derived Colorimetric Chemosensor for Hg2+ Detection in Organic and Aqueous Media and its Extended Real-world Applications

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Abstract

Pollution caused by the release of toxic heavy metals into the environment by industrial and farming processes has been regarded as a major problem worldwide. This has attracted a great deal of attention into restoration and remediation. Mercury is classified as a toxic heavy metal which has posed significant challenges to public and environmental health. To date, conventional methods for mercury detection rely on expensive, destructive, complex, and highly specialized methods. Evidently, there is a need to develop systems capable of easily identifying and quantifying mercury within the environment. In this way, organic-based colorimetric chemosensors are gaining increasing popularity due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, cost-effectiveness, ease of design, naked-eye, and on-site detection ability. The formation of coumarin-azo derivative AD1 was carried out by a conventional diazotization reaction with coumarin-amine 1c and N,N-dimethylaniline. Sensor AD1 displayed remarkable visual colour change upon mercury addition with appreciable selectivity and sensitivity. The detection limit was calculated as 0.24 µM. Additionally, the reversible nature of AD1 allowed for the construction of an IMPLICATION type logic gate and Molecular Keypad Lock. Chemosensor AD1 displayed further sensing applications in real-world water samples and towards on-site assay methods. Herein, we describe a coumarin-derived chemosensor bearing an azo (N = N) functionality for the colorimetric and quantitative determination of Hg2+ in organic and aqueous media.

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Funding

This work was supported by Nelson Mandela University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa

    Aidan Battison, Stiaan Schoeman & Neliswa Mama

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  1. Aidan Battison
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  2. Stiaan Schoeman
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  3. Neliswa Mama
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Aidan Battison and Stiaan Schoeman. Neliswa Mama contributed reagents and analysis tools. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Aidan Battison. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Neliswa Mama.

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The authors declare they have no competing interests. AB has received research support from The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).

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Battison, A., Schoeman, S. & Mama, N. A Coumarin-azo Derived Colorimetric Chemosensor for Hg2+ Detection in Organic and Aqueous Media and its Extended Real-world Applications. J Fluoresc 33, 267–285 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-022-03065-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-022-03065-3

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