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Petrology of ultramafic and mafic rocks from the South Andaman Ophiolite, Bay of Bengal: Evidence for an arc-related high-pressure origin

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Abstract

Minor ultramafic (dunite) and mafic (gabbroic) rock occurrences are exposed in South Andaman Island, Bay of Bengal. Dunite is in contact with serpentinite, while gabbroic rocks are in contact with the pyroxenite. Petrographic analysis using a petrographic microscope, major and trace element [including rare earth elements (REE)] analysis using an X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer and the High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (HR-ICPMS), and mineral chemistry using an Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer (EPMA) were performed on selected ultramafic and mafic rocks. Petrographically, dunite is composed of olivine, clinopyroxene, and orthopyroxene, while olivine, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and calcic plagioclase are present in olivine–gabbronorite. The bulk rock elemental relationship (Zr versus P2O5 and TiO2 versus Zr/P2O5) indicate that the dunite and olivine–gabbronorite are tholeiitic in composition. The clinopyroxene with high Mg# [Mg2+/(Mg2+ + Fe2+)] and lower TiO2 content is present in dunite, whereas the clinopyroxene with high Mg# and high TiO2 content exists in olivine–gabbronorite. Cr2O3 versus Mg# in the clinopyroxene relationship and negative Nb, Ta, and Ti anomalies in these rocks imply high pressure arc related peridotite mantle source. Our results suggest that the dunite and gabbroic rocks were also intruded in the Andaman Ophiolitic suite of rocks during earlier subduction setting in Late Cretaceous time. Further, it is suggested that these ophiolites have been obducted on to the leading edge of the Eurasian continent during the Mid–Eocene to Late Oligocene event, prior to the current tectonically active Andaman–Java subduction, which was initiated in the Late–Miocene.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Virendra Mani Tiwari, Director, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, for encouragement and permission to publish these results. T.K. acknowledges a fellowship funding by CSIR, New Delhi, in the form of Senior Research Associate [13(9082-A)/2019- POOL]. N.V.C.R. thanks the Department of Science and Technology (DST)–Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), New Delhi, for a major project (numbers SR/S4/ES-554/2011 and IR/S4/ESF-18/2011, dated 12.11.2013) and Banaras Hindu University for an Institute of Eminence (IOE) Project. R.P. also acknowledges IOE and University Grant Commission (UGC) for seed and start-up grant projects, respectively. L.A.Z.A.B. acknowledges the CSIR-TWAS Fellowship for Postdoctoral Research at CSIR Institute in India (22/FF/CSIR-TWAS/2018), and thanks the Higher Teacher Training College of University of Yaounde I in Cameroon, for institutional support. We sincerely thank two anonymous journal reviewers for constructive comments and acknowledge the handling Editor Xisheng Xu for his support. This is CSIR-NGRI contribution NGRI/Lib/2022/Pub-05.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, 500007, India

    Tavheed Khan, Luc Achille Ziem A Bidias, Syed H. Jafri, Manavalan Satyanarayanan & Drona Srinivasa Sarma

  2. Geology Laboratory, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaounde 1, P.O. Box 047, Yaounde, Cameroon

    Luc Achille Ziem A Bidias

  3. Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India

    Rohit Pandey & Nittala V. Chalapathi Rao

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  1. Tavheed Khan
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  2. Luc Achille Ziem A Bidias
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  7. Drona Srinivasa Sarma
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Correspondence to Drona Srinivasa Sarma.

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Khan, T., Bidias, L.A.Z.A., Jafri, S.H. et al. Petrology of ultramafic and mafic rocks from the South Andaman Ophiolite, Bay of Bengal: Evidence for an arc-related high-pressure origin. Miner Petrol 116, 473–492 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-022-00796-w

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