Abstract
We perform -body simulations for gravity using the ME-Gadget code, in order to investigate the structure formation process in detail for the first time. Focusing on the power-law model and considering the model parameter to be consistent within with all other cosmological data sets (such as type 1a supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillations, the cosmic microwave background, and cosmic chronometers), we show that there are clear observational differences between cosmology and gravity due to the modifications brought about by the latter in the evolution of the Hubble function and the effective Newton’s constant. We extract the matter density distribution, matter power spectrum, counts-in-cells, halo mass function, and excess surface density (ESD) around low-density positions (LDPs) at the present time. Concerning the matter power spectrum, we find a difference from that in the scenario, about of which is attributed to the different expansion and about to the effective gravitational constant. Additionally, we find a difference in the cells, which is significantly larger than the Poisson error, which may be distinguishable with weak-lensing reconstructed mass maps. Moreover, we show that there are different massive halos with masses , which may be distinguishable from statistical measurements of cluster number counting, and we find that the ESD around LDPs is mildly different. In conclusion, by highlighting possible smoking guns, we show that large-scale structure can indeed lead us to distinguish general relativity and cosmology from gravity.
4 More- Received 22 April 2022
- Accepted 1 September 2022
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.106.064047
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