Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Anti-misalignment capability optimization for laminated magnetic couplers in wireless charging systems using balanced particle swarm optimization method

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Power Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To desensitize wireless charging systems (WCSs) to misalignment and to achieve a stable output voltage without using additional control methods, a laminated magnetic coupler (LMC) optimized by the balanced particle swarm optimization (BPSO) method is proposed to improve the performance of WCSs. First, the output characteristics of the LCC-S compensated WCS are analyzed to illustrate the working principle of the LMC. Next, the misalignment characteristics of the LMC, which employs the magnetic integration technique and coil self-decoupling method, are analyzed. Then, the operating principle of the BPSO method is analyzed and used to optimize the LMC in terms of the mutual inductance and anti-misalignment range. Finally, experimental results indicate that the optimized LMC achieves high-efficiency constant voltage charging within a reasonable horizontal misalignment range. When compared to commonly used methods (such as the exhaustive method) for optimizing magnetic couplers, the BPSO method avoids complex algorithms and a heavy computation burden.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zhang, Z., Pang, H., Georgiadis, A., Cecati, C.: Wireless power transfer—an overview. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 66(2), 1044–1058 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ahn, P., Mercier, P.: Investigation of multiple decoupled coil primary pad topologies in lumped IPT systems for interoperable electric vehicle charging. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 31(7), 5018–5029 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Huang, S.H., Lee, T.S., Li, W.H., Chen, R.Y.: Modular on-road AGV wireless charging systems via interoperable power adjustment. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 66(8), 5918–5928 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Tran, D.H., Vu, V.B., Choi, W.: Design of a high-efficiency wireless power transfer system with intermediate coils for the on-board chargers of electric vehicles. IEEE Trans. Power. Electron. 33(1), 175–187 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Yilmza, T., Hasan, Z., Zane, R., Pantic, Z.: Multi-objective optimization of circular magnetic couplers for wireless power transfer applications. IEEE Trans. Magn. 53(8), 8600312 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ye, Z.H., Sun, Y., Dai, X., Tang, C.S., Wang, Z.H., Su, Y.G.: Energy efficiency analysis of U-coil wireless power transfer system. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 31(7), 4809–4817 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Alcolea, F.J.L., Real, J.C., Sanchez, P.R., Torres, A.P.: Modeling of a magnetic coupler based on single and double-layered rectangular planar coils with in-plane misalignment for wireless power transfer. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 35(5), 5102–5121 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Wang, S., Chen, J., Hu, Z., Rong, C., Liu, M.: Optimisation design for series–series dynamic WPT system maintaining stable transfer power. IET Power Electron. 10(9), 987–995 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Villa, J.L., Sallan, J., Sanz Osorio, J.F., Llombart, A.: High misalignment tolerant compensation topology for ICPT systems. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 59(2), 945–951 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhao, J., Cai, T., Duan, S., Feng, H., Chen, C., Zhang, X.: A general design method of primary compensation network for dynamic WPT system maintaining stable transmission power. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 31(12), 8343–8358 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Qu, X., Yao, Y., Wang, D., Wong, S.C., Tse, C.K.: Hybrid and reconfigurable IPT systems with high-misalignment tolerance for constant-current and constant-voltage battery charging. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 35(7), 6867–6877 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Zhao, L., Thrimawithana, D.J., Madawala, U.K.: Hybrid bidirectional wireless E.V. charging system tolerant to pad misalignment. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 64(9), 7079–7086 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Wang, Y., Mai, J., Yao, Y., Xu, D.: Analysis and design of an IPT system based on S/SP compensation with improved output voltage regulation. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 16(5), 3256–3266 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Hou, J., Chen, Q., Wong, S., Tse, C.K., Ruan, X.: “Analysis and control of series/series-parallel compensated resonant converter for contactless power transfer,” IEEE. J. Emerg. Sel. Topics. Power. Electron 3(1), 124–136 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Chen, Y., Yang, B., Kou, Z., He, Z., Cao, G., Mai, R.: Hybrid and reconfigurable IPT systems with high-misalignment tolerance for constant-current and constant-voltage battery charging. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 33(10), 8259–8269 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Zhang, Z., Chau, K.T.: Homogeneous wireless power transfer for move-and-charge. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 30(11), 6213–6220 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Zheng, C., Ma, H., Lai, J.-S., Zhang, L.: Design considerations to reduce gap variation and misalignment effects for the inductive power transfer system. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 30(11), 6108–6119 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Song, K., Yang, G., Guo, Y., Lan, Y., Dong, S., Jiang, J., Zhu, C.: Design of DD Coil with high misalignment tolerance and low EMF emissions for wireless electric vehicle charging systems. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 35(9), 9034–9045 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Lin, F.Y., Covic, G., Boys, J.: Evaluation of magnetic pad sizes and topologies for electric vehicle charging. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 30(11), 6391–6407 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kim, S., Covic, G.A., Boys, J.T.: Tripolar pad for inductive power transfer systems for E.V. charging. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 32(7), 5045–5057 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Li, M.: Mode conversion and structure optimization of quadrature coils for electric vehicles wireless power transfer. IEEE Trans. Energy Conver 35(2), 575–590 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Berger, A., Agostinelli, M., Vesti, S., Oliver, J., Cobos, J.A., Huemer, M.: A wireless charging system applying phase-shift and amplitude control to maximize efficiency and extractable power. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 30(11), 6338–6348 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Liu, Y., Madawala, U.K., Mai, R., He, Z.: Zero-Phase-angle controlled bidirectional wireless E.V. charging systems for large coil misalignments. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 35(5), 5343–5353 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Chen, S., Liao, C., Wang, L.: “Research on positioning technique of wireless power transfer system for electric vehicles”, in 2014 IEEE Conf. and Expo ITEC Asia-Pacific. Beijing, China 2014, 1–4 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Noda, T., Nagashima, T., Wei, X., Kazimierczuk, M.K., Sekiya, H.: Design procedure for wireless power transfer system with inductive coupling-coil optimizations using PSO. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits. Syst. (ISCAS) 2016, 646–649 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Wen, F., Chu, X., Li, Q., Li, R., Liu, L., Jing, F.: Optimization on three-coil long-range and dimension-asymmetric wireless power transfer system. IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 62(5), 1859–1868 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Wei, G., Jin, X., Wang, C., Feng, J., Zhu, C., Matveevich, M.I.: An automatic coil design method with modified A.C. resistance evaluation for achieving maximum coil-coil efficiency in WPT systems. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 35(6), 6114–6126 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Mohamed, A.A.S., An, S., Mohammed, O.: Coil design optimization of power pad in IPT system for electric vehicle applications. IEEE Trans. Magn. 54(4), 1–5 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Lee, J.H., Kim, J., Song, J., Kim, D., Kim, Y., Jung, S.: Distance-based intelligent particle swarm optimization for optimal design of permanent magnet synchronous machine. IEEE Trans. Magn. 53(6), 1–4 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Qian, W., Li, M.: Convergence analysis of standard particle swarm optimization algorithm and its improvement. Soft Comput 22, 4047–4070 (2018)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  31. Davey, K.R.: Latin hypercube sampling and pattern search in magnetic field optimization problems. IEEE Trans. Magn. 44(6), 974–977 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Zhang, P., Saeedifard, M., Onar, O.C., Yang, Q., Cai, C.: A field enhancement integration design featuring misalignment tolerance for wireless E.V. charging using LCL topology. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 36(4), 3852–3867 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Chen, Y., Mai, R., Zhang, Y., Li, M., He, Z.: Improving misalignment tolerance for IPT system using a third-coil. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 34(4), 3009–3013 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 52107001, in part by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No. 2022M710641, and in part by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No. 2572021BF04.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China

    Hao Liu, Zhenjie Li, Yuhong Tian, Yiqi Liu & Wenlong Song

Authors
  1. Hao Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zhenjie Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yuhong Tian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yiqi Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Wenlong Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhenjie Li.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liu, H., Li, Z., Tian, Y. et al. Anti-misalignment capability optimization for laminated magnetic couplers in wireless charging systems using balanced particle swarm optimization method. J. Power Electron. 23, 345–354 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43236-022-00527-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43236-022-00527-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation