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Zircon U–Pb geochronology of manganese-rich rocks from the Borborema Province, Northeast Brazil: adding a new piece to the global inventory of Paleoproterozoic manganese mineralization

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Abstract

The Borborema Province hosts several Mn-rich metasedimentary sequences, containing up to 40 wt% MnO(total). These sequences are composed of Mn oxide and Mn silicate lenses that alternate with spessartite quartzite layers. They are also spatially associated with graphite-bearing gneissic and granitic rocks. Here, we use the Lagoa do Riacho manganese deposit, a Mn-rich sequence of the northern Borborema Province (within the Canindé do Ceará Complex), to constrain the time of deposition of the Mn-rich sedimentary protolith, discuss its tectonic setting, and draw correlations between African and Brazilian manganese deposits. The age of the youngest detrital zircon population from a meter-sized spessartite quartzite bed, interlayered with oxidized Mn ore, was close to 2130 Ma. Similarly, a gneiss hosting the Mn mineralization yielded a maximum depositional age close to 2156 Ma. U–Pb dating of zircon metamorphic overgrowths from the Mn-bearing sequences and host rocks coupled to a zircon U–Pb crystallization age of an intrusive leucocratic granite provided a minimum age interval for the Mn-rich succession (ca. 2106–2023 Ma). These constraints point to a Rhyacian depositional age (ca. 2200–2100 Ma) for the Mn-rich precursors, which were most likely deposited as syn-orogenic sediments. The results also allow us to conclude that the age range of 2200–2100 Ma is coeval with the timing of deposition of other world-class manganese deposits, such as those from the Francevillian and Birimian groups in Gabon and Ghana, respectively, besides those from the South American Platform (e.g., Serra do Navio, Carajás, and Minas Gerais).

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Modified from Santos et al. (2021)

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Acknowledgements

This research is part of the first author’s PhD thesis. FHS is grateful to the Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA) for support throughout the thesis development and to geologist Renato Braz Sue (representing Libra Ligas do Brasil company) for providing full access to drill cores and fieldwork assistance. The authors thank the Microscopy and Microanalysis Laboratory (LMic) of the Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), a member of the Microscopy and Microanalysis Network of Minas Gerais State/Brazil/FAPEMIG. We truly appreciate the comments, suggestions, and criticisms from the Associate Editors, Alexandre R. Cabral, Evandro L. Klein, and an anonymous reviewer who helped to improve the quality of this manuscript. In addition, we also thank Professor Bernd Lehmann for the editorial handling. FHS would like to thank the Society of Economic Geologists (SEG) for the Student Research Grant. WSA also acknowledges the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq) for the research grant (process. 305263/2020-0).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geosciences and Engineering, Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA), Santarém, Pará, Brazil

    Felipe Holanda dos Santos

  2. Institute of Geosciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

    Felipe Holanda dos Santos, Wagner da Silva Amaral & Douglas Teixeira Martins

  3. Interdisciplinary Degree in Natural Sciences with Distinction in Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Grajaú, Maranhão, Brazil

    Ana Clara Braga de Souza

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  1. Felipe Holanda dos Santos
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  2. Wagner da Silva Amaral
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  3. Douglas Teixeira Martins
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  4. Ana Clara Braga de Souza
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Correspondence to Felipe Holanda dos Santos.

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dos Santos, F.H., da Silva Amaral, W., Martins, D.T. et al. Zircon U–Pb geochronology of manganese-rich rocks from the Borborema Province, Northeast Brazil: adding a new piece to the global inventory of Paleoproterozoic manganese mineralization. Miner Deposita 58, 531–551 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-022-01140-0

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