Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel wired transmission magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy system for upper gastrointestinal examination

  • New Technology
  • Published:
Surgical Endoscopy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (MCCE) has recently increasingly been used for gastric examination. However, the image quality and esophageal observation is suboptimal. We developed a novel wired transmission magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (WT-MCCE) system and evaluated its feasibility through in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Methods

A plastic stomach model and a pathological upper gastrointestinal model were used to evaluate the performance of WT-MCCE in vitro experiments. Twice of examination in the two in vitro models by WT-MCCE were performed by 5 endoscopists who were experienced in performing wireless capsule endoscopy. The examination of traditional gastroscopy (Olympus, GIF-HQ290) in the pathological upper gastrointestinal model was set as the control. In vivo experiments were performed in a live canine model by 3 endoscopists, in which WT-MCCE was inserted with the assistance of gastroscopy. Measurements included maneuverability, examination time, visualization of gastric mucosa, image quality and diagnostic accuracy.

Results

WT-MCCE showed good performance in both in vitro and in vivo experiments with excellent visualization of mucosa (75–100%). The mean operation time is 17.6 ± 2.7 min, 22.3 ± 1.9 min and 29.3 ± 3.4 min in three models, respectively. In pathological upper gastrointestinal model, all lesions, including esophageal varices, one polyp, one foreign body, two gastric ulcers and one duodenal ulcer, were detected by both WT-MCCE and traditional gastroscopy by all endoscopists. For the observation of esophagus and stomach in the canine model, WT-MCCE also showed excellent maneuverability and good image quality.

Conclusions

The novel WT-MCCE system performed well in evaluating upper gastrointestinal landmarks and lesions in two in vitro models, and showed good performance in a canine model. WT-MCCE may be potentially useful for diagnosis of esophageal and gastric diseases.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

WT-MCCE:

Wired transmission magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy

ECE:

Esophageal capsule endoscopy

MCCE:

Magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy

DS-MCE:

Detachable string magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy

CMOS:

Complementary metal oxide semiconductor

LED:

Light emitting diode

fps:

Frames per second

SSS:

Systematic screening protocol for the stomach

MCCG-2:

Second generation magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy

References

  1. Iddan G, Meron G, Glukhovsky A, Swain P (2000) Wireless capsule endoscopy. Nature 405(6785):417

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Niikura R, Yamada A, Maki K, Nakamura M, Watabe H, Fujishiro M et al (2018) Associations between drugs and small-bowel mucosal bleeding: multicenter capsule-endoscopy study. Dig Endosc 30(1):79–89

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Eliakim R, Yassin K, Shlomi I, Suissa A, Eisen GM (2004) A novel diagnostic tool for detecting oesophageal pathology: the PillCam oesophageal video capsule. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 20(10):1083–1089

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Liao Z, Duan XD, Xin L, Bo LM, Wang XH, Xiao GH et al (2012) Feasibility and safety of magnetic-controlled capsule endoscopy system in examination of human stomach: a pilot study in healthy volunteers. J Interv Gastroenterol 2(4):155–160

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Galmiche JP, Sacher-Huvelin S, Coron E, Cholet F, Soussan EB, Sébille V et al (2008) Screening for esophagitis and Barrett’s esophagus with wireless esophageal capsule endoscopy: a multicenter prospective trial in patients with reflux symptoms. Am J Gastroenterol 103(3):538–545

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Lapalus MG, Ben Soussan E, Gaudric M, Saurin JC, D’Halluin PN, Favre O et al (2009) Esophageal capsule endoscopy vs EGD for the evaluation of portal hypertension: a French prospective multicenter comparative study. Am J Gastroenterol 104(5):1112–1118

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Duvvuri A, Desai M, Vennelaganti S, Higbee A, Gorrepati VS, Dasari C et al (2021) Diagnostic accuracy of a novel third generation esophageal capsule as a non-invasive detection method for Barrett’s esophagus: a pilot study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 36(5):1222–1225

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Sacher-Huvelin S, Calès P, Bureau C, Valla D, Vinel JP, Duburque C et al (2015) Screening of esophageal varices by esophageal capsule endoscopy: results of a French multicenter prospective study. Endoscopy 47(6):486–492

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Pai AK, Jonas MM, Fox VL (2019) Esophageal capsule endoscopy in children and young adults with portal hypertension. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 69(6):641–647

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Ramirez FC, Akins R, Shaukat M (2008) Screening of Barrett’s esophagus with string-capsule endoscopy: a prospective blinded study of 100 consecutive patients using histology as the criterion standard. Gastrointest Endosc 68(1):25–31

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Zou WB, Hou XH, Xin L, Liu J, Bo LM, Yu GY et al (2015) Magnetic-controlled capsule endoscopy vs. gastroscopy for gastric diseases: a two-center self-controlled comparative trial. Endoscopy 47(6):525–528

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Liao Z, Hou X, Lin-Hu EQ, Sheng JQ, Ge ZZ, Jiang B et al (2016) Accuracy of magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy, compared with conventional gastroscopy, in detection of gastric diseases. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 14(9):1266–73.e1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Liao Z, Zou W, Li ZS (2018) Clinical application of magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy in gastric disease diagnosis: recent advances. Sci China Life Sci 61(11):1304–1309

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Chen YZ, Pan J, Luo YY, Jiang X, Zou WB, Qian YY et al (2019) Detachable string magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy for complete viewing of the esophagus and stomach. Endoscopy 51(4):360–364

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Yao K (2013) The endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer. Ann Gastroenterol 26(1):11–22

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Zagari RM, Eusebi LH, Rabitti S, Cristoferi L, Vestito A, Pagano N et al (2016) Prevalence of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings in the community: a systematic review of studies in unselected samples of subjects. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 31(9):1527–1538

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Inadomi JM, Gunnarsson CL, Rizzo JA, Fang H (2010) Projected increased growth rate of anesthesia professional-delivered sedation for colonoscopy and EGD in the United States: 2009 to 2015. Gastrointest Endosc 72(3):580–586

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Ciriza C, García L, Fernández A, Díez A, Delgado M, San Sebastián AI (2001) Sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy. Analysis of tolerance and complications. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 93(9):587–597

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Ciocîrlan M (2019) Low-cost disposable endoscope: pros and cons. Endosc Int Open 7(9):E1184–E1186

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Liao Z, Hon X, Lin-Hu EQ, Sheng JQ, Ge ZZ, Jiang B et al (2017) Accuracy of magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy, compared with conventional gastroscopy, in detection of gastric diseases. Gastroenterol Endosc 59(1):123

    Google Scholar 

  21. Qian YY, Zhu SG, Hou X, Zhou W, An W, Su XJ et al (2018) Preliminary study of magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy for diagnosing superficial gastric neoplasia. Dig Liver Dis 50(10):1041–1046

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Zhao AJ, Qian YY, Sun H, Hou X, Pan J, Liu X et al (2018) Screening for gastric cancer with magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy in asymptomatic individuals. Gastrointest Endosc 88(3):466–474

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Li J, Ren M, Yang J, Zhao Y, Li Y, Zhang D et al (2021) Screening value for gastrointestinal lesions of magnetic-controlled capsule endoscopy in asymptomatic individuals. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 36(5):1267–1275

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Li Z, Liu J, Ji CR, Chen FX, Liu FG, Ge J et al (2021) Screening for upper gastrointestinal cancers with magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy: a feasibility study. Endoscopy 53:914

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Jiang B, Qian YY, Pan J, Jiang X, Wang YC, Zhu JH et al (2020) Second-generation magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy with improved image resolution and frame rate: a randomized controlled clinical trial (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 91(6):1379–1387

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

Health and Family Planning Commission of Gansu [GSWSKY2020-20], Science and Technology Department of Gansu [20YF8FA076].

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China

    Yaoping Zhang, Lina Qu, Yani Gou, Jinyong Hao & Xiaojun Huang

  2. Gansu Provincial Digestive Endoscopy Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China

    Yaoping Zhang, Lina Qu, Yani Gou, Jinyong Hao & Xiaojun Huang

  3. Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China

    Yanglin Pan

Authors
  1. Yaoping Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lina Qu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yani Gou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jinyong Hao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yanglin Pan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Xiaojun Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yanglin Pan or Xiaojun Huang.

Ethics declarations

Disclosures

Yaoping Zhang, Lina Qu, Yani Gou, Jinyong Hao, Yanglin Pan, Xiaojun Huang have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.

Ethical approval

The research was approved by the Ethical Committee of Lanzhou University Second Hospital.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, Y., Qu, L., Gou, Y. et al. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel wired transmission magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy system for upper gastrointestinal examination. Surg Endosc 36, 9454–9461 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-022-09603-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-022-09603-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation