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Silurian Black Smoker Deposits in the Urals

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Abstract—

The geological position and mineral composition of specific troilite–quartz rocks (klyuchevites) are considered. They form separate interbeds among deep-water Silurian–Early Devonian Bulatovo carbonaceous–quartz sequences in the Aramil–Sukhtelinsky zone of the Southern Urals. In some areas, these sequences contain basaltic lava units. Klyuchevites are unique rocks due to the large amount of troilite and unusually wide range of minerals and varieties (no less than 50) they contain, many of which are new to the Urals. Initially, klyuchevite was a silica gel likely deposited on the bottom of the basin from hot springs (hydrothermal waters and smoker fumes) and finest iron sulfide (troilite) plates, authigenic grains of other sulfides, complex oxides (V, Ti, Fe, Cr, Zn, and Mn), rare V-bearing mica segregations (roscoelite and segedinite), quartz and plagioclase fragments, separate grains of zircon, monazite-(Ce), xenotime-(Y), rutile, manganilmenite, apatite, etc., of terrigenous origin, which fell into the silica gel. Subsequently, after lithification, this rock underwent intensive crushing and redeposition in the form of interbeds similar in composition and appearance to quartzites. Klyuchevite is an example of lithified sediments from material erupted by black smokers at the bottom of a deep-sea basin of fumes and hydrothermal silica solutions.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are grateful to V.A. Kotlyarov, K.A. Filippova, M.N. Malyaryonok, and R.T. Zainullina for analytical studies, as well as to D.A. Artem’ev for help in processing the geochemical data.

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  1. Institute of Mineralogy, South Ural Federal Scientific Center for Mineralogy and Geoecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 456317, Miass, Chelyabinsk oblast, Russia

    V. G. Korinevskii & E. V. Korinevskii

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  1. V. G. Korinevskii
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Correspondence to V. G. Korinevskii or E. V. Korinevskii.

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Translated by E. Maslennikova

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Korinevskii, V.G., Korinevskii, E.V. Silurian Black Smoker Deposits in the Urals. Geol. Ore Deposits 64, 180–201 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075701522040043

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