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Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published online by De Gruyter September 6, 2022

Investigating the Relationship between Technological Entrepreneurship and National Innovativeness: Moderating Effects of Intellectual Property Protection and R&D Transfer Environment

  • Doohee Chung EMAIL logo , Seungrin Yang and Klaus Marhold

Abstract

This study examines how technological entrepreneurship affects national innovativeness based on the Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship. It also examines how technological environments related to intellectual property protection and R&D transfer moderate this relationship. Based on data from 82 countries on technological entrepreneurship, intellectual property protection and innovation activities, this study finds that a higher ratio of technological entrepreneurship in the country enhances national innovativeness. In addition, the level of R&D transfer environment is found to negatively moderate this relationship, and evidence is found for a negative moderating effect of the strength of the intellectual property protection environment in a subsample of innovation-driven economies.

JEL Classification: L26; O31; O34

Corresponding author: Doohee Chung, Handong Global University, Pohang Gyeongbuk, South Korea, E-mail:

Appendix 1: Countries in the sample

Country Knowledge & technology outputs (Avr. of 2011–16) Country Knowledge & technology outputs (Avr. of 2011–16)
Algeria 14.53 Kazakhstan 22.63
Angola 23.07 Korea 53.96
Argentina 23.13 Kosovo 54.1
Australia 35.18 Latvia 31.07
Austria 41.23 Libya 32.1
Bangladesh 28.2 Lithuania 28.5
Barbados 31.98 Luxembourg 44.08
Belgium 43.28 Macedonia 28.25
Bolivia 21.4 Malawi 24.05
Bosnia 25.53 Malaysia 35.37
Botswana 21.02 Mexico 23.67
Brazil 26.57 Netherlands 53.48
Canada 42.73 Nigeria 15.83
Chile 26.03 Norway 38.98
China 57.7 Pakistan 17.8
Colombia 21.98 Panama 15.73
Costa Rica 30.4 Peru 18.32
Croatia 30.92 Philippines 27.6
Czech Republic 37.25 Poland 28.73
Denmark 49.05 Portugal 30.9
Ecuador 15.96 Qatar 20.2
El Salvador 14.6 Romania 35.93
Estonia 42.52 Russia 34.83
Ethiopia 13.6 Singapore 52.25
Finland 55.07 Slovakia 32.83
France 43.28 Slovenia 37.43
Georgia 28.4 South Africa 26.08
Germany 51.98 Spain 37.7
Ghana 25.75 Suriname 29.1
Greece 25.2 Sweden 61.22
Guatemala 18.84 Switzerland 65.97
Hungary 43.05 Thailand 29.72
India 32.36 Trinidad&Tobago 22.3
Indonesia 22.85 Tunisia 26.7
Iran 26.67 Turkey 25.7
Ireland 55.75 Uganda 21.27
Israel 56.6 United Kingdom 53.75
Italy 40.5 Uruguay 22.83
Jamaica 16.06 USA 56.46
Japan 49.45 VietNam 33.73

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Received: 2020-11-24
Accepted: 2022-07-16
Published Online: 2022-09-06

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