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Energy-and-delay-aware scheduling and load balancing in vehicular fog networks

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Abstract

Roadside units (RSUs) play an important role in the request fulfillment of vehicles. In rural areas, RSUs are powered by renewable energy sources like solar energy. Hence, the request fulfillment of vehicles must be done in such a way that the energy consumption across RSUs is minimized. The requests are categorized into traditional application (low computation) requests and smart application (high computation) requests. To avoid excessive computation at RSUs, low computation requests are scheduled across RSUs while high computation requests are scheduled across fog servers for processing. In this paper, we propose an online energy-efficient Inter-RSU Scheduling Algorithm (ee-IRSA) and a distributed Ant Colony Optimization-based Load balancing technique (d-ACOL) for optimizing the request fulfillment of traditional and smart application requests, respectively. ee-IRSA ensures minimum and uniform energy consumption across RSUs while d-ACOL ensures minimum queue waiting time of requests across fog servers. In addition, a second-price auction game-based relay vehicle selection technique is proposed which further minimizes the energy consumption of RSUs. Simulation results show that ee-IRSA with relay vehicle selection reduces the energy consumption by \(33\%\), and d-ACOL reduces the queue waiting time by an average of \(48\%\) as compared to other load balancing techniques.

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On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author declares that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Bara Phool, Punjab, 140001, India

    Vivek Sethi, Sujata Pal, Avani Vyas & Shweta Jain

  2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada

    Kshirasagar Naik

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Contributions

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author declares that all authors contributed to the preparation of the manuscript. Initial draft preparation, designing of work, and interpretation of results were performed by V.S., S.P., and A.V. Work modeling and substantial revision of the manuscript were performed by S.J. and K.N. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sujata Pal.

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Sethi, V., Pal, S., Vyas, A. et al. Energy-and-delay-aware scheduling and load balancing in vehicular fog networks. Telecommun Syst 81, 373–387 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-022-00953-8

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