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Petrogenetic relationships between peraluminous granites and Li- Cs-Ta rich pegmatites in south Issia zone (Central-West of Côte d’Ivoire): Petrography, Mineralogy, Geochemistry and zircon U–Pb Geochronology

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Abstract

The Issia batholith extends over 100 km in central Ivory Coast and is surrounded by important placer deposits of columbite-tantalite associated with deeply altered lithium-cesium-tantalum pegmatites. The genetic link between the granitic complex and the mineralized lithium-cesium-tantalum pegmatites at the origin of the coltan placers is not straightforward, considering the significant age difference (~ 40 Ma) between one of the granites and the coltan mineralization. In order to constrain the link between the granitic intrusions and the coltan placers, we have completed a petrological and geochemical study on eighteen granitic outcrops. Some granites are crosscut by pegmatite dykes, but neither the granites nor their intruding pegmatites dykes exibit primary Nb–Ta mineralization. Our results reveal three granite series (G1, G2, G3). The biotite-dominant G1 granites are the least fractionated, metaluminous to peraluminous, with trace element compositions close to average upper continental crust. The G2 and G3 granites are muscovite-rich, peraluminous with intermediate phosphorus contents up to 0.5 wt% P2O5. G2 and G3 have similar compositions except for lower Cs and Ta and higher Th, Hf and Zr in G2. G2 and G3 are strongly fractionated with up to 22 ppm Be, 57 ppm Cs, 505 ppm Rb, 16 ppm Sn, 11 ppm Ta, and a Nb/Ta ratio < 1. The G3 granite and its intruding pegmatite dykes contain abundant tourmaline, garnet and Nb–Ta-rich ilmenite. We conclude that the G2 and G3 granite groups are genetically linked through fractional crystallization. Three hypotheses can explain the formation of the Li-Cs-Ta-rich liquids: (1) A fractional crystallization model where the G2-G3-pegmatite series evolves by fractional crystallization of an anatectic melt produced by melting of metasediments, (2) an anatectic model where all granites and pegmatites were formed by direct anatexis, and their strong differentiation degree would reflect an enriched metasedimentary source, (3) a granitic origin where melting of the most fractionated G3 granite produced the Li-Cs-Ta-rich liquids ~ 40 Myrs after the granite cooling. Geochronological results and textural evidence of granite melting tend to favor the third model, which indicates that crust re-heating occurred ~ 40 Ma after the emplacement of the Issia granitic complex.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the project T2GEM (Technologies Géophysiques et Géochemiques pour l’Exploration Minière). We thank the French Institute for Research and Development (IRD) for supporting D.B. and M.VL. visits to UFHB between 2015 and 2022. We also thank Philippe De Parseval and Thierry Aigouy for helping with the SEM and microprobe data acquisition at Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET) and Castaing Center. We are also grateful to Ouattara Mohamed, the thin section technician at the Laboratory of Geology and Metallogeny (UFHB Abidjan-Cocody University). D.B. acknowledges support from IRD for the LMI MINERWA (International Joint Laboratory for Responsible Mining in Africa). AMIRA International, the industry sponsors, and sponsors in kind are gratefully acknowledged for their support of the WAXI-3 project (P934B). NT acknowledges support from the Hammond and Nisbet fellowship at the University of Western Australia.

Funding

The authors were funded by the PRECED-CI TGEM project (Technologies Géophysiques et Géochimiques pour l’Exploration Minière) and also received financial support from the French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development and WAXI3 program for geochronology data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Géologie, Ressources Minérales Et Energétiques, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny d’Abidjan-Cocody, Faculté Des Sciences de La Terre Et Des Ressources Minières, 22 B.P. 582, Abidjan, 22, Côte d’Ivoire

    Joseph Koffi Brou & Nicaise Alain Kouamelan

  2. Geosciences Environment Toulouse, University of Toulouse, CNES, CNRS, UPS, 31400, Toulouse, IRD, France

    Marieke Van Lichtervelde & David Baratoux

  3. Centre for Exploration Targeting, School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Perth, Australia

    Nicolas Thébaud

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  1. Joseph Koffi Brou
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  2. Marieke Van Lichtervelde
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  3. Nicaise Alain Kouamelan
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  4. David Baratoux
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Contributions

Brou Koffi Joseph, Marieke Van Lichtervelde and Kouamelan Alain Nicaise conceived, designed and carried out the research. Brou Koffi Joseph and Marieke Van Lichtervelde drafted the manuscript. All authors contributed to data interpretation, discussion, and revision of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Joseph Koffi Brou.

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Brou, J.K., Van Lichtervelde, M., Kouamelan, N.A. et al. Petrogenetic relationships between peraluminous granites and Li- Cs-Ta rich pegmatites in south Issia zone (Central-West of Côte d’Ivoire): Petrography, Mineralogy, Geochemistry and zircon U–Pb Geochronology. Miner Petrol 116, 443–471 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-022-00790-2

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