Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Generation of Optically Addressable Spin Centers in Hexagonal Boron Nitride by Proton Irradiation

  • Published:
Physics of the Solid State Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The possibility of creating defects with spin-dependent fluorescence in a van der Waals material, namely, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), by irradiating the latter with high-energy protons (EP = 15 MeV) is studied. The microphotoluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance methods show that such irradiation leads to the emergence of boron vacancies in the negatively charged state (\(V_{{\text{B}}}^{ - }\) centers), the ground triplet spin state (S = 1) of which exhibits an optically induced population inversion.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. D. Awschalom, R. Hanson, J. Wrachtrup, and B. B. Zhou, Nat. Photon. 12, 516 (2018).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. P. G. Baranov, H. J. von Bardeleben, F. Jelezko, and J. Wrachtrup, Magnetic Resonance of Semiconductors and Their Nanostructures: Basic and Advanced Applications, Springer Series in Material Science (Springer, Heidelberg, 2017).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  3. D. Suter, Magn. Res. 1, 115 (2020).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. M. W. Doherty, N. B. Manson, P. Delaney, F. Jelezko, J. Wrachtrup, and L. C. L. Hollenberg, Phys. Rep. 528, 1 (2013).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. C.-L. Degen, F. Reinhard, and P. Cappellaro, Rev. Mod. Phys. 89, 035002 (2017).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. G. V. Astakhov, D. Simin, V. Dyakonov, B. V. Yavkin, S. B. Orlinskii, I. I. Proskuryakov, A. N. Anisimov, V. A. Soltamov, and P. G. Baranov, Appl. Magn. Res. 47, 793 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. T. Biktagirov, W. Gero Schmidt, U. Gerstmann, B. Yavkin, S. Orlinskii, P. Baranov, V. Dyakonov, and V. Soltamov, Phys. Rev. B 98, 195204 (2018).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. N. Aslam, M. Pfender, P. Neumann, R. Reuter, A. Zappe, F. F. de Oliveira, A. Denisenko, H. Sumiya, Sh. Onoda, J. Isoya, and J. Wrachtrup, Science (Washington, DC, U. S.) 357 (6346), 67 (2017).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. D. Simin, V. A. Soltamov, A. V. Poshakinskiy, A. N. Ani-simov, R. A. Babunts, D. O. Tolmachev, E. N. Mokhov, M. Trupke, S. A. Tarasenko, A. Sperlich, P. G. Baranov, V. Dyakonov, and G. V. Astakhov, Phys. Rev. X 6, 031014 (2018).

    Google Scholar 

  10. P. C. Humphreys, N. Kalb, J. P. J. Morits, R. N. Schouten, R. F. L. Vermeulen, D. J. Twitchen, M. Markham, and R. Hanson, Nature (London, U.K.) 558, 268 (2018).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. H. Kraus, V. A. Soltamov, D. Riedel, S. Vath, F. Fuchs, A. Sperlich, P. G. Baranov, V. Dyakonov, and G. V. Astakhov, Nat. Phys. 10, 157 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. J. D. Breeze, E. Salvadori, J. Sathian, N. McN. Alford, and Ch. W. M. Kay, Nature (London, U.K.) 555, 493 (2018).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. G. Cassabois, P. Valvin, and B. Gil, Nat. Photon. 10, 262 (2016).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. J. D. Caldwell, I. Aharonovich, G. Cassabois, J. H. Edgar, B. Gil, and D. N. Basov, Nat. Rev. Mater. 4, 552 (2019).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. A. Dietrich, M. Bürk, E. S. Steiger, L. Antoniuk, T. T. Tran, M. Nguyen, I. Aharonovich, F. Jelezko, and A. Kubanek, Phys. Rev. B 98, 081414(R) (2018).

  16. A. K. Geim and I. V. Grigorieva, Nature (London, U.K.) 499, 7459 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. T. T. Tran, K. Bray, M. J. Ford, M. Toth, and I. Aharonovich, Nat. Nanotech. 11, 37 (2015).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. L. J. Martínez, T. Pelini, V. Waselowski, J. R. Maze, B. Gil, G. Cassabois, and V. Jacques, Phys. Rev. B 94, 121405(R) (2016).

  19. X. Xu, Z. O. Martin, D. Sychev, A. S. Lagutchev, Y. P. Chen, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, V. M. Shalaev, and A. Boltasseva, Nano Lett. 21, 8182 (2021).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. A. Gottscholl, M. Diez, V. Soltamov, C. Kasper, A. Sperlich, M. Kianinia, C. Bradac, I. Aharonovich, and V. Dyakonov, Sci. Adv. 7, 14 (2021).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. V. Ivády, G. Barcza, G. Thiering, S. Li, H. Hamdi, J.‑P. Chou, O. Legeza, and A. Gali, npj Comput. Mater. 6, 41 (2020).

    Google Scholar 

  22. A. Gottscholl, M. Diez, V. Soltamov, C. Kasper, D. Krauße, A. Sperlich, M. Kianinia, C. Bradac, I. Aharonovich, and V. Dyakonov, Nat. Commun. 12, 4480 (2021).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. J.-P. Tetienne, Nat. Phys. 17, 1074 (2021).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. A. Gottscholl, M. Kianinia, V. Soltamov, S. Orlinskii, G. Mamin, C. Bradac, C. Kasper, K. Krambrock, A. Sperlich, M. Toth, I. Aharonovich, and V. Dyakonov, Nat. Mater. 19, 540 (2020).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. N. Chejanovsky, A. Mukherjee, J. Geng, Yu-C. Chen, Y. Kim, A. Denisenko, A. Finkler, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, D. B. R. Dasari, P. Auburger, A. Gali, J. H. Smet, and J. Wrachtrup, Nat. Mater. 20, 1079 (2021).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. H. L. Stern, J. Jarman, Q. Gu, S. E. Barker, N. Mendelson, D. Chugh, S. Schott, H. H. Tan, H. Sirringhaus, I. Aharonovich, and M. Atatüre, Nat. Commun. 13, 618 (2022).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. N.-J. Guo, Y.-Ze Yang, X.-D. Zeng, S. Yu, Yu Meng, Z.-P. Li, Z.-A. Wang, L.-K. Xie, J.-S. Xu, J.-F. Wang, Q. Li, W. Liu, Y.-T. Wang, J.-S. Tang, C.-F. Li, and G.‑C. Guo, arXiv: 2112.06191 (2021).

  28. S. Baber, R. Nicholas, E. Malein, P. Khatri, P. S. Keatley, Shi Guo, F. Withers, A. J. Ramsay, and I. J. Luxmoore, Nano Lett. 22, 461 (2022).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. F. F. Murzakhanov, B. V. Yavkin, G. V. Mamin, S. B. Orlinskii, I. E. Mumdzhi, I. N. Gracheva, B. F. Gabbasov, A. N. Smirnov, V. Yu. Davydov, and V. A. Soltamov, Nanomaterials 11, 1373 (2021).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. N.-J. Guo, W. Liu, Z.-P. Li, Y.-Z. Yang, S. Yu, Y. Meng, Z.-A. Wang, X.-D. Zeng, F.-F. Yan, Q. Li, J.-F. Wang, J.-S. Xu, Y.-T. Wang, J.-S. Tang, C.-F. Li, and G.‑C. Guo, ACS Omega 7, 1733 (2022).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. X. Gao, S. Pandey, M. Kianinia, J. Ahn, P. Ju, I. Aharonovich, N. Shivaram, and T. Li, ACS Photon. 8, 994 (2021).

  32. J. E. Fröch, L. Spencer, M. Kianinia, D. Totonjian, M. Nguyen, V. Dyakonov, M. Toth, S. Kim, and I. Aharonovich, Nano Lett. 21, 6549 (2021).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. C. Qian, V. Villafañe, M. Schalk, G. V. Astakhov, U. Kentsch, M. Helm, P. Soubelet, N. P. Wilson, R. Rizzato, S. Mohr, A. W. Holleitner, D. B. Bucher, A. V. Stier, and J. J. Finley, arXiv: 2202.10980 (2022).

  34. F. Watt, M. B. H. Breese, A. A. Bettiol, and J. A. van Kan, Mater. Today 10 (6), 20 (2007).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. H. Kraus, D. Simin, C. Kasper, Y. Suda, S. Kawabata, W. Kada, T. Honda, Y. Hijikata, T. Ohshima, V. Dyakonov, and G. V. Astakhov, Nano Lett. 17, 2865 (2017).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. T. B. Biktagirov, A. N. Smirnov, V. Yu. Davydov, M. W. Doherty, A. Alkauskas, B. C. Gibson, and V. A. Soltamov, Phys. Rev. B 96, 075205 (2017).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. F. F. Murzakhanov, G. V. Mamin, S. B. Orlinskii, U. Gerstmann, W. G. Schmidt, T. Biktagirov, I. Aharo-novich, A. Gottscholl, A. Sperlich, V. Dyakonov, and V. A. Soltamov, arXiv: 2112.10628 (2021).

Download references

Funding

This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 20-72-10068).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia

    F. F. Murzakhanov, I. E. Mumdzhi, G. V. Mamin, R. V. Yusupov & V. A. Soltamov

  2. Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia

    V. Yu. Davydov, A. N. Smirnov, M. V. Muzafarova & S. S. Nagalyuk

Authors
  1. F. F. Murzakhanov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. I. E. Mumdzhi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. G. V. Mamin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. R. V. Yusupov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. V. Yu. Davydov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. A. N. Smirnov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. M. V. Muzafarova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. S. S. Nagalyuk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. V. A. Soltamov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to F. F. Murzakhanov or M. V. Muzafarova.

Ethics declarations

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Translated by O. Kadkin

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Murzakhanov, F.F., Mumdzhi, I.E., Mamin, G.V. et al. Generation of Optically Addressable Spin Centers in Hexagonal Boron Nitride by Proton Irradiation. Phys. Solid State 64, 210–214 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063783422050067

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063783422050067

Keywords:

Search

Navigation