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Extraction of Copper from Liquid Effluents by Cementation in Agitated Vessels Equipped with Expanded Aluminum Cylindrical Sheets

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Abstract

The presence of high levels of heavy metals in wastewaters is known to pose a serious threat to the environment. Because of their numerous industrial, domestic, agricultural, medical, and technical applications, they are widely distributed in the environment, raising worries about their possible effects on human health and the environment. In this work, a cylindrical-expanded aluminum sheet placed in an agitated vessel was used to recover copper ions from synthetic wastewater. The influence of initial Cu2+ ion concentration, rotating speed, solution pH, aluminum mesh number, temperature, and the presence of different types of surfactants on the kinetics of the Cu+2 ions cementation was investigated. The current study found that the rate of copper cementation rises with increasing rotational speed, starting copper ion concentration, temperature, and the mesh number of the expanded aluminum cylindrical sheet, but the pH has no influence within range examined. Surfactants reduce the rate of cementation by a percentage ranging from 9.38 to 75.19 for cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB) and 19.27 to 78.53 for sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) depending on mesh number and rpm. The mass transfer data of the present study have been correlated for by a dimensionless equation from which the rate of cementation can be estimated at various conditions within the range of the applicability of the equation.

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Abbreviations

A:

Surface area of the expanded aluminum cylinder, cm2

Ao :

Arrhenius equation frequency factor, cm/s

Q:

Solution volume, cm3

Co :

Initial concentration of copper ions, mol/cm3

C:

Concentration of copper ions at any time, mol/cm3

d:

Diameter of the expanded aluminum cylinder, cm

de :

Screen’s hydraulic diameter, cm

dw :

Screen’s wire diameter, cm

di :

Impeller diameter, cm

D:

Diffusivity of copper ions, cm2/s

eo :

Standard electrode potential, Volt

Eo :

Standard potential of the cementation overall reaction, Volt

E:

Activation Energy, kcal/mol

F:

Faraday’s constant, 96,500 Coulumbs/mol

k:

Mass transfer coefficient, cm/s

K:

Volumetric mass transfer coefficient at the expanded aluminum cylinder, cm3/s

\(\overline{K }\) :

Equilibrium constant, cm3/mol

Ko :

Volumetric mass transfer coefficient in the presence of the surfactants, cm3/s

Ks :

Volumetric mass transfer coefficient at the solid aluminum sheet, cm3/s

R:

Universal gas constant, kcal/(mol K)

t:

Reaction time, s

T:

Absolute temperature, K

Z:

Number of electrons involved in the cementation reaction

\(\alpha \) :

Inhibition efficiency

\(\Delta {G}_{o}\) :

Standard free energy, J/mol

\(\varnothing \) :

Porosity

\(\varepsilon \) :

Enhancement ratio

\(\mu \) :

Solution viscosity, Poise

\(\omega \) :

Impeller rotational speed, rpm

\(\rho \) :

Solution density, g/cm3

Re:

Impeller Reynolds number \(\left(\frac{\rho N {d}_{i}^{2}}{ \mu }\right)\)

Sc:

Schmidt number \(\left(\frac{\mu }{\rho D}\right)\)

Sh:

Sherwood number \(\left(\frac{K}{D d}\right)\)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

    M. A. El-Naggar, D. M. Hassan, T. M. Zewail, A. A. Zaatout, E.-S. Z. El-Ashtoukhy, M. H. Abdel-Aziz, G. H. Sedahmed & A. S. Fathalla

  2. Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia

    I. H. El Azab

  3. Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, 21911, Saudi Arabia

    M. Sh. Zoromba & M. H. Abdel-Aziz

  4. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Port-Said University, 23 December Street, Port-Said, 42521, Egypt

    M. Sh. Zoromba

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  1. M. A. El-Naggar
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Correspondence to M. H. Abdel-Aziz.

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El-Naggar, M.A., Hassan, D.M., Zewail, T.M. et al. Extraction of Copper from Liquid Effluents by Cementation in Agitated Vessels Equipped with Expanded Aluminum Cylindrical Sheets. J. Sustain. Metall. 8, 1318–1329 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-022-00573-1

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