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Surface Roughness Effects on Cavity Flows

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Abstract

Effects of three-dimensional (3-D) distributed roughness elements on the flow characteristics within a cavity are investigated using a series of high-fidelity eddy-resolving simulations. The cavity flows generate undesirable low-frequency pressure fluctuations due to the vortex impingement over the trailing edge of the cavity. We explore the possibility of employing distributed hemispherical roughness elements as a passive flow control strategy towards suppressing these pressure fluctuations. A rectangular cavity with a length to depth ratio, L/D, of 3 is considered. Simulations are carried out at a Mach number of 0.2 and Reynolds numbers of 7000 and 19300, based on the free-stream velocity and the depth of the cavity. The effect of sparsely and densely packed roughness elements on the stability of shear layer separating from the cavity are brought out. Pre-transitional fluctuations generated by the roughness elements (a) resulted in transitional/turbulent flow at the cavity leading edge for low/high Reynolds numbers (b) promoted an earlier breakdown of the large-scale coherent structures in the shear layer (c) are beneficial in decreasing the ‘cavity tones’ and the associated sound pressure levels (SPL) by 5-13 dB. Reduction in SPL is observed to be prominent at higher Reynolds numbers and with dense spacing between the roughness elements. At low Reynolds numbers, the benefit obtained by suppressing the ‘cavity tones’ can be eclipsed with an increase in the broadband noise.

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Notes

  1. Spreading rate is typically defined as \(d\delta _w/dx\), where \(\delta _w\) is the vorticity thickness

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge P G Senapathy Centre, IIT Madras for the computing resources, Department of Science and Technology-Science and Engineering Research Board (DST-SERB) for funding the project and NVIDIA for generously donating Quadro P6000 and A100 GPU cards. The support and the resources provided by PARAM Sanganak under the National Supercomputing Mission, Government of India are gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamilnadu, India

    Ganesh Nampelly, Ananth Sivaramakrishnan Malathi, Aditya Vaid, Nagabhushana Rao Vadlamani & Sriram Rengarajan

  2. Division of Aerospace Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, United Kingdom

    Konstantinos Kontis

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  1. Ganesh Nampelly
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  2. Ananth Sivaramakrishnan Malathi
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Correspondence to Nagabhushana Rao Vadlamani.

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Nampelly, G., Malathi, A.S., Vaid, A. et al. Surface Roughness Effects on Cavity Flows. Flow Turbulence Combust 109, 1215–1239 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-022-00345-7

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