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TGA Kinetic Analyses of Zinc Ferrite Reduction with H2

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The partial reduction of zinc ferrite to zinc oxide and iron (II, III) oxide can enhance the leaching rate of zinc. Zinc ferrite has often been found as a major component of zinc residues and electric arc furnace dust. The Waelz process is an existing process for zinc ferrite processing, which requires a temperature of more than about 1200 °C to produce Waelz oxide containing ZnO. Since zinc residues have been deemed as a potential way for the extraction of zinc and other critical metals, it is important to analyze the reaction kinetics in the temperature range of interest. This manuscript discusses the chemical kinetics of zinc ferrite reduction by hydrogen gas. Several researchers studied the reduction of zinc ferrite with CO; however, unlike CO, the use of H2 gas as a reductant allows partial reduction of zinc ferrite even at low-temperature range (400–600 °C). Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) experiments were performed in the temperature range of 300–700 °C with 10% and 30% H2, and the data obtained was analyzed using the isoconversional method of kinetic analyses. The standard models used for isoconversional kinetic analysis were chosen from literature and experimental data were fitted to determine the controlling mechanism and calculation of kinetic parameters of reduction of zinc ferrite. The rate of reaction was found to be increasing with an increase in temperature and partial pressure of H2 gas. The reaction could be divided into three stages, where reaction interface contraction was found to be the controlling mechanism at the initial stage of reaction. As the reaction proceeds, product layer thickness increases, and thus, diffusion was found to be the controlling mechanism. Roasting products obtained from TGA experiments were also characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to verify critical morphological details.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to gratefully acknowledge the Critical Materials Institute (CMI) for supporting this work under Focus Area CMI 1.1.13 (Recovery of Critical Materials as By-Products). The authors wish to acknowledge Dr. Michael Sanders at the Colorado School of Mines for his diligent experimental work.

This study is a presentation of our own work. The authors declare that there is no potential conflict of interest. This work was supported by the Critical Materials Institute, an Energy Innovation Hub funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Advanced Manufacturing Office. The experimental work was carried out by Dr. Michael Sanders at the Colorado School of Mines.

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  1. Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA

    Vivek Kashyap & Patrick Taylor

  2. Brimstone Energy, Oakland, CA, USA

    Evody Tshijik Karumb

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  1. Vivek Kashyap
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Kashyap, V., Karumb, E.T. & Taylor, P. TGA Kinetic Analyses of Zinc Ferrite Reduction with H2. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 39, 2167–2178 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42461-022-00661-6

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