Data availability
Data will be made available on request.
DEHP decreases the overall NAD+ level of the placenta and reduces the NAD+ level in the placental cell nucleus by participating in the regulation of NAD+ regionalization. By destroying the placental cell mitochondrial structure, reducing the number of mitochondria, hindering the way of electron transfer in the respiratory chain, DEHP reduces ATP production. Under the combined action of NAD+ and ATP depletion, inhibition of PARP1 activity leads to the accumulation of DNA damage and ultimately to the reduction of the placental trophoblast area. The partially damaging effects of DEHP on DNA and mitochondrial structures can be alleviated by moderate supplementation of NAD+ precursor NAM.
Data will be made available on request.
These authors contributed equally to this work.