Abstract
Background
The present study intends to investigate the ability of gossypol-loaded casein nanoparticles (gossypol-loaded CAS NPs) for the treatment of ovarian cancer. The key emphasis of this study was to synthesize and characterize gossypol-embedded casein NPs by the desolvation technique.
Method
Casein is used as a polymer to fabricate the NPs; the fabricated nanoparticles are then characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, EDX, zeta potential and size analysis, and DSC to explore the efficiency and strength. The role of cross-linked casein nanoparticles was observed to improve the blood bioavailability of gossypol.
Results
The particle size of the optimized batch was found to be 278 ± 5 nm, and the PDI is 0.399; the zeta potential was found to be − 14.88 mV, and the % CDR of the optimized batch was found to be 55.66%. The cytotoxicity of gossypol-loaded CAS NPs was tested in vitro against a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and found to be considerable.
Conclusions
The gossypol-loaded casein NPs were successfully synthesized with important advantages such as being easy to prepare, stable, and cost-effective with their applicability in ovarian cancer.
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Data Availability
All original data and materials are available with authors.
Abbreviations
- IARC:
-
International Agency for Research on Cancer
- CAS:
-
Casein
- CAS NPs:
-
Casein nanoparticles
- NPs:
-
Nanoparticles
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscopy
- EDX:
-
Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis
- DSC:
-
Differential scanning calorimetry
- PDI:
-
Polydispersity index
- CDR:
-
Cumulative drug release
- XRD:
-
X-ray diffraction
- MCF-7:
-
Michigan Cancer Foundation-7
- SRB:
-
Sulforhodamine B
- RPMI:
-
Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium
- ACTREC:
-
Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Centre
- ZP:
-
Zeta potential
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Acknowledgements
The authors express their gratitude to the Tata Memorial Centre’s Anti-Cancer Drug Screening Facility and the Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC). To expand the facilities for conducting in vitro anticancer studies, Navi Mumbai was chosen. For energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) research and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses, they are grateful to SAIF, University Institute of Chemical Technology Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon. The authors express their gratitude to Principal and Management of H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Shirpur, for providing the necessary resources to complete the study.
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Dr. Ganesh B. Patil — writing — original draft. Ms. Darshana M. Borse — execution of research work. Mr. Mahesh P. More — review and editing of manuscript. Dr. Dilip A. Patil — conceptualization, planning, and execution of research work.
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Patil, G.B., Borse, D.M., More, M.P. et al. Gossypol-Embedded Casein Nanoparticles for Potential Targeting of Ovarian Cancer: Formulation, Characterization, and Anticancer Activity. J Pharm Innov 18, 563–574 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12247-022-09666-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12247-022-09666-6