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Biocompatible hydrogels based on chitosan, cellulose/starch, PVA and PEDOT:PSS with high flexibility and high mechanical strength

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Abstract

Fabricating mechanically strong hydrogels that can withstand the conditions in internal tissues is a challenging task. We have designed hydrogels based on multicomponent systems by combining chitosan, starch/cellulose, PVA, and PEDOT:PSS via one-pot synthesis. The starch-based hydrogels were homogeneous, while the cellulose-based hydrogels showed the presence of cellulose micro- and nanofibers. The cellulose-based hydrogels demonstrated a swelling ratio between 121 and 156%, while the starch-based hydrogels showed higher values, from 234 to 280%. Tensile tests indicated that the presence of starch in the hydrogels provided high flexibility (strain at break > 300%), while combination with cellulose led to the formation of stiffer hydrogels (elastic moduli 3.9–6.6 MPa). The ultimate tensile strength for both types of hydrogels was similar (2.8–3.9 MPa). The adhesion and growth of human osteoblast-like SAOS-2 cells was higher on hydrogels with cellulose than on hydrogels with starch, and was higher on hydrogels with PEDOT:PSS than on hydrogels without this polymer. The metabolic activity of cells cultivated for 3 days in the hydrogel infusions indicated that no acutely toxic compounds were released. This is promising for further possible applications of these hydrogels in tissue engineering or in wound dressings.

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Acknowledgments

The work was supported within the framework of a European Regional Development Fund Project, under the title Application of Modern Technologies in Medicine and Industry (No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_048/0007280). Further support (A.B., L.B.) was provided by the Czech Science Foundation (Grant No. 20-01641S). We would like to thank Dr. Veronika Vavruňková (NTC) for performing the FT-IR measurements. Mr. Robin Healey (Czech Technical University) is gratefully acknowledged for his language revision of the manuscript.

Funding

European Regional Development Fund, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_048/0007280, Grantová Agentura České Republiky, 20-01641S, Lucie Bačáková

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, 301 00, Pilsen, Czech Republic

    Jagan Mohan Dodda, Mina Ghafouri Azar, Petr Bělský, Jaroslav Kadlec & Tomáš Remiš

  2. Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06, Prague, Czech Republic

    Miroslav Šlouf

  3. Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic

    Antonín Brož & Lucie Bačáková

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  1. Jagan Mohan Dodda
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  2. Mina Ghafouri Azar
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  8. Tomáš Remiš
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JMD contributed to the study conception and design. Hydrogel preparation, characterization and analysis were performed by all authors. The first draft of the manuscript was written by JMD and PB and all authors contributed to the following versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Dodda, J.M., Azar, M.G., Bělský, P. et al. Biocompatible hydrogels based on chitosan, cellulose/starch, PVA and PEDOT:PSS with high flexibility and high mechanical strength. Cellulose 29, 6697–6717 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04686-4

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