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Detection of Palm Oil Adulteration in Sunflower Oil Using ATR-MIR Spectroscopy Coupled with Chemometric Algorithms

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Abstract

Edible oils are essential components in a human being’s diet due to their rich flavor and nutritional values. In India, the use of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) oil has increased because of its unique qualities, such as having good polyunsaturated fatty acids and less mono-unsaturated fatty acids. Sunflower oil is a highly nutritious edible oil is likely to be adulterated with cheap oils like Palm oil due to the increase in demand. In this paper, the problem of sunflower oil adulteration with palm oil is studied using attenuated total reflection (ATR) mid-infrared spectroscopy. Using laboratory-made adulterated samples as a reference, ATR spectroscopy (wavenumber range 1781 to 915 cm−1) combined with chemometrics was successful in detecting the presence of palm oil in sunflower oil and predicting the adulteration proportions. Applying principal component analysis (PCA), distinguishable clusters of pure and adulterated samples were realized. Multiple wave number ranges associated with various functional groups (1781–1680 cm−1, 1490–919 cm−1), and some ranges from PCA correlation loading plot were selected for further analysis. Classification of pure and adulterated samples was accomplished employing partial least square discrimination analysis and soft independent modeling of class analogy, with classification efficiency of 100 percent and 90 percent, respectively. For quantitative prediction, the partial least squares regression method on selected wavenumber range data was applied. The coefficient of determination (R2) for calibration and validation was observed to be 0.98. This study showed ATR-based Mid-infrared spectroscopy’s potential for the detection of palm oil adulteration in sunflower oil even at a minimum of 5% adulteration.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Director CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI), Pilani, India, for allowing us to do experimental work and access software packages required for analysis. The authors are also thankful to Director Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS) Pilani.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan, India

    K. Srinath & Surekha Bhanot

  2. CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI), Pilani, Rajasthan, India

    A. H. Kiranmayee & P. C. Panchariya

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  1. K. Srinath
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  2. A. H. Kiranmayee
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  3. Surekha Bhanot
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  4. P. C. Panchariya
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Correspondence to K. Srinath.

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Srinath, K., Kiranmayee, A.H., Bhanot, S. et al. Detection of Palm Oil Adulteration in Sunflower Oil Using ATR-MIR Spectroscopy Coupled with Chemometric Algorithms. MAPAN 37, 483–493 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12647-022-00558-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12647-022-00558-1

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