Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Promoting Postsecondary Educational Success Among Young Parents in and Aging Out of Foster Care

  • Published:
Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper explains why more attention should be paid to promoting the postsecondary education of parents in and aging out of foster care. It reviews what is known about postsecondary educational attainment among parents in or aging out of foster care and these parents’ unique challenges to pursuing postsecondary education. The paper describes the Healthy Teen Network Young Parents Logic Model as a framework to think about the needs of parents in and aging out of foster care, including needs related to postsecondary educational attainment. The paper applies the Young Parents Logic Model and highlights strategies to increase postsecondary educational attainment among young parents in the general population and youth aging out of foster care which can also benefit young parents in foster care or aging out. Using the Young Parents Logic Model as a framework, the paper presents policy and practice recommendations to increase postsecondary educational attainment among young parents in and aging out of foster care and with directions for future research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

Not applicable.

Code Availability

Not applicable.

References

  • Abelson, J., Dungca, N., Kornfield, M., & Tran, A. B. (2020, July 13). At college health centers, students battle misdiagnoses and inaccessible care. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2020/07/13/college-health-centers-problems/

  • Aparicio, E. M. (2017). ‘I want to be better than you:’ Lived experiences of intergenerational child maltreatment prevention among teenage mothers in and beyond foster care. Child & Family Social Work, 22(2), 607–616.

  • Aparicio, E. M., Pecukonis, E. V., & O’Neale, S. (2015). “The love I was missing”: Exploring the lived experiences of motherhood among teen mothers in foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 51, 44–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.02.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bae, J. (2020). Teen parents’ cumulative inequality in job achievement: Mediation effect of educational achievement. Social Work Research, 44(2), 99–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barrat, V. X., & Berliner, B. (2013). The invisible achievement gap, part I: Education outcomes of students in foster care in California’s public schools. WestEd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, V., & Nichols, T. R. (2012). Pregnant and parenting students on campus: Policy and program implications for a growing population. Educational Policy, 27(3), 499–530. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904812453995

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Combs, K. M., Begun, S., Rinehart, D. J., & Taussig, H. (2018). Pregnancy and childbearing among young adults who experienced foster care. Child Maltreatment, 23(2), 166–174.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Costello, C. (2014). Pathways to postsecondary education for pregnant and parenting teens. Institute for Women’s Policy Research.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Courtney, M. E., Dworsky, A., Brown, A., Cary, C., Love, K., & Vorhies, V. (2011). Midwest evaluation of the adult functioning of former foster youth: Outcomes at age 26. Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Courtney, M. E., Dworsky, A., Cusick, G., Havlicek, J., Perez, A., & Keller, T. (2007). Midwest evaluation of the adult functioning of former foster youth: Outcomes at age 21. Chapin Hall Center for Children at the University of Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Courtney, M. E., Dworsky, A., Ruth, G., Keller, T., Havlicek, J., & Bost, N. (2005). Midwest evaluation of the adult functioning of former foster youth: Outcomes at age 19. Chapin Hall Center for Children at the University of Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Courtney, M. E., & Hook, J. L. (2017). The potential educational benefits of extending foster care to young adults: Findings from a natural experiment. Children and Youth Services Review, 72, 124–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.09.030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Courtney, M., Hook, J., & Lee, J. (2012). Distinct subgroups of former foster youth during young adulthood: Implications for policy and practice. Child Care in Practice, 18(4), 409–418. https://doi.org/10.1080/13575279.2012.718196

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Courtney, M. E., Okpych, N. J., Charles, P., Mikell, D., Stevenson, B., Park, K., Kindle, B., Harty, J., & Feng, H. (2016). Findings from the California Youth Transitions to Adulthood Study (CalYOUTH): Conditions of Youth at Age 19. Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Courtney, M. E., Okpych, N. J., Park, K., Harty, J., Feng, H., Torres-García, A., & Sayed, S. (2018). Findings from the California Youth Transitions to Adulthood Study (CalYOUTH): Conditions of youth at age 21. Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Courtney, M. E., Terao, S., & Bost, N. (2004). Midwest evaluation of the adult functioning of former foster youth: Conditions of youth preparing to leave state care. Chapin Hall Center for Children at the University of Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, R. (2006). College access, financial aid, and college success for undergraduates from foster care. National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators.

    Google Scholar 

  • Day, A., Dworsky, A., Fogarty, K., & Damashek, A. (2011). An examination of post-secondary retention and graduation among foster care youth enrolled in a four-year university. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(11), 2335–2341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.08.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Day, A., Riebschleger, J., Dworsky, A., Damashek, A., & Fogarty, K. (2012). Maximizing educational opportunities for youth aging out of foster care by engaging youth voices in a partnership for social change. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(5), 1007–1014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.02.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Day, A., Riebschleger, J., & Wen, J. (2018). The fostering academics mentoring excellence (FAME) program. New Directions for Community Colleges, 181, 39–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/cc.20290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Desiderio, G., Garrido, M., Williams, M., Sufrinko, N. (2020). Young parents logic model. Baltimore: Healthy Teen Network. Retrieved from www.healthyteennetwork.org/resources/young-parents-logic-model/

  • Dworsky, A. (2015). Child welfare services involvement among the children of young parents in foster care. Child Abuse & Neglect, 45, 68–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.04.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dworsky, A. (2020). Supporting college students transitioning out of foster care: A formative evaluation report on the Seita Scholars Program. OPRE Report #2020–102. Washington, DC: Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

  • Dworsky, A., & Courtney, M. (2010). Does extending foster care beyond age 18 promote postsecondary educational attainment? [Issue Brief]. Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago.

  • Dworsky, A., & DeCoursey, J. (2009). Pregnant and parenting foster youth: Their needs, their experiences. Chicago: Chapin Hall Center for Children at the University of Chicago.

  • Dworsky, A., Napolitano, L., & Courtney, M. (2013). Homelessness during the transition from foster care to adulthood. American Journal of Public Health, 103(S2), S318–S323. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301455

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dworsky, A., & Perez, A. (2010). Helping former foster youth graduate from college through campus support programs. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(2), 255–263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dworsky, A., Smithgall, C., & Courtney, M. (2014). Supporting youth transitioning out of foster care Issue brief 1: Education programs. OPRE Report # 2014-66. Washington, DC: Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

  • Eastman, A. L., & Putnam-Hornstein, E. (2019). An examination of child protective service involvement among children born to mothers in foster care. Child Abuse & Neglect, 88, 317–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.11.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eastman, A. L., Schelbe, L., & McCroskey, J. (2019). A content analysis of case records: Two-generations of child protective services involvement. Children and Youth Services Review, 99, 308–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.12.030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eilertson, C. (2002). Independent living for foster youth. National Conference of State Legislatures.

  • Emerson, J. (2006). Strategies for working with college students from foster care. E-source for college transitions. National Resource Center for the First-Year Experience and Students in Transition, 3(4), 3–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fostering Academics, Mentoring Excellence (n.d.). Retrieved from https://fame.socialwork.msu.edu/about/index.php

  • Frerer, K., Sosenko, L. D., & Henke, R. R. (2013). At greater risk: California foster youth and the path from high school to college. Stuart Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geiger, J. M., & Beltran, S. J. (2017). Experiences and outcomes of foster care alumni in postsecondary education: A review of the literature. Children and Youth Services Review, 79, 186–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.06.023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geiger, J. M., & Okpych, N. J. (2021). Connected after care: Youth characteristics, policy, and programs associated with postsecondary education and employment for youth with foster care histories. Child Maltreatment. https://doi.org/10.1177/10775595211034763

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Geiger, J. M., Piel, M. H., Day, A., & Schelbe, L. (2018). A descriptive analysis of programs serving foster care alumni in higher education: Challenges and opportunities. Children and Youth Services Review, 85, 287–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.01.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harding, J. F., Morris, P. A., & Hughes, D. (2015). The relationship between maternal education and children’s academic outcomes: A theoretical framework. Journal of Marriage and Family, 77(1), 60–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez, L., Day, A., & Henson, M. (2017). Increasing college access and retention rates of youth in foster care: An analysis of the impact of 22 state tuition waiver programs. Journal of Policy Practice, 16(4), 397–414. https://doi.org/10.1080/15588742.2017.1311819

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, A., & Wylie, R. (2013). Keys to degrees: Educating two-generations together–an innovative postsecondary program supporting two-generation mobility. Retrieved from http://wcwonline.org/images/pdf/AGreen_KeysToDegrees.pdf

  • Hofferth, S. L., Reid, L., & Mott, F. L. (2001). The effects of early childbearing on schooling over time. Family Planning Perspectives, 33(6), 259–267.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karp. R. & Cruse, L.R. (2021). Promising community college practices for student parent success. Association of Community College Trustees. Retrieved from http://perspectives.acct.org/stories/promising-community-college-practices-for-student-parent-success

  • Katz, C. C., & Geiger, J. M. (2020). “We need that person that doesn’t give up on us”: The role of social support in the pursuit of post-secondary education for transition-aged foster youth. Child Welfare, 97(6), 149–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirby, D. (2004). BDI Logic Models: A useful tool for designing, strengthening and evaluating programs to reduce adolescent sexual risk-taking, pregnancy, HIV, and other STDs. ETR Associates. recapp.etr.org/recapp/documents/BDILOGICMODEL20030924.pdf

  • Kirk, R., & Day, A. (2011). Increasing college access for youth aging out of foster care: Evaluation of a summer bridge program for foster youth transitioning from high school to college. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(7), 1173–1180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Los Angeles Valley College. (n.d.) Student parent supports. Retrieved from http://lavcfamilyresourcecenter.org/enroll

  • Martin, J., Hamilton, B., Osterman, M., & Driscoll, A. (2021). Births: final data for 2019. National Vital Statistics Report, 70(2).

  • McCarthy, C. (2021). Offer on-campus family housing to attract, support parenting students. Recruiting and Retaining Adult Learners, 23, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/dap.30812

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLeroy, K. R., Bibeau, D., Steckler, A., & Glanz, K. (1988). An ecological perspective on health promotion programs. Health Education & Behavior, 15(4), 351–377. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019818801500401

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McMillen, C., Auslander, W., Elze, D., White, T., & Thompson, R. (2003). Educational experiences and aspirations of older youth in foster care. Child Welfare, 82(4), 475–495.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McMillen, J. C., & Raghavan, R. (2009). Pediatric to adult mental health service use of young people leaving the foster care system. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44, 7–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.04.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merdinger, J. M., Hines, A. M., Osterling, K. L., & Wyatt, P. (2005). Pathways to collegefor former foster youth: Understanding factors that contribute to educational success. Child Welfare, 84(6), 867–896.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Okpych, N. J., & Courtney, M. E. (2017). Who goes to college? Social capital and other predictors of college enrollment for foster-care youth. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 8(4), 563–593.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okpych, N., & Courtney, M. (2018a). Barriers to degree completion for college students with foster care histories: Results from a 10-year longitudinal study. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 23(1), 28–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025118791776

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okpych, N. J., & Courtney, M. E. (2018b). Who goes to college? Social capital and other predictors of college enrollment for foster-care youth. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 8(4), 563–593. https://doi.org/10.1086/694897

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okpych, N., & Courtney, M. (2019). Longitudinal analyses of educational outcomes for youth transitioning out of care in the US: Trends and influential factors. Oxford Review of Education, 45(4), 461–480. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2019.1592747

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okpych, N., & Courtney, M. (2020). The relationship between extended foster care and college outcomes for foster care alumni. Journal of Public Child Welfare, 14(2), 254–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548732.2019.1608888

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okpych, N. J., Park, S., Sayed, S., & Courtney, M. E. (2020). The roles of campus-support programs (CSPS) and education and training vouchers (ETVs) on college persistence for youth with foster care histories. Children and Youth Services Review, 111, 104891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104891

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parker , E., & Sarubbi, M. (2017). Tuition assistance programs for foster youth pursuing postsecondary education. Education Commission of the States. Retrieved from https://www.ecs.org/wp-content/uploads/Tuition-Assistance-Programs-for-Foster-Youth-in-Postsecondary-Education.pdf

  • Piel, M. H. (2018). Challenges in the transition to higher education for foster care youth. New Directions for Community Colleges, 181, 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1002/cc.20288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pirog, M.A., Jung, H., & Lee, D. The changing face of teenage parenthood in the United States: Evidence from NLSY79 and NLSY97. Child Youth Care Forum, 47, 317–342 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-017-9417-y

  • Pryce, J. M., & Samuels, G. M. (2009). Renewal and risk: The dual experience of young motherhood and aging out of the child welfare system. Journal of Adolescent Research, 25(2), 205–230. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558409350500

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Putnam-Hornstein, E., & King, B. (2014). Cumulative teen birth rates among girls in foster care at age 17: An analysis of linked birth and child protection records from California. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(4), 698–705.

  • Putnam-Hornstein, E., Hammond, I., Eastman, A. L., McCroskey, J., & Webster, D. (2016). Extended foster care for transition-age youth: An opportunity for pregnancy prevention and parenting support. Journal of Adolescent Health, 58(4), 485–487.

  • Radey, M., Schelbe, L., McWey, L. M., Holtrop, K., & Canto, A. I. (2016). “It’s really overwhelming”: Parent and service provider perspectives of parents aging out of foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 67, 1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Radey, M., Schelbe, L., McWey, L. M., & Holtrop, K. (2017). Me, myself and I: Perceptions of social capital for mothers ageing out of the child welfare system. Child & Family Social Work, 22(2), 981–991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, D., Karp, J., & Osche, E. (2016). Evaluation of Keys to Degrees replication: Summative report to the W.K. Kellogg Foundation. Endicott College Program Evaluation & Research Group.

  • Rios, S. J., & Rocco, T. S. (2014). From foster care to college: Barriers and supports on the road to postsecondary education. Emerging Adulthood, 2(3), 227–237. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696814526715

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schelbe, L., Day, A., Geiger, J. M., & Piel, M. H. (2019). The state of evaluations of campus-based support programs serving foster care alumni in higher education. Child Welfare, 97(2).

  • Schelbe, L., & Geiger, J. M. (2017). Parenting under pressure: Experiences of parenting while aging out of foster care. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 34, 51–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-016-0472-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, T. V., Barth, R. P., Svoboda, D. V., & Naeem, S. (2010). Fostering safe choices final report. University of Maryland, School of Social Work. http://hdl.handle.net/10713/3533

  • Shpiegel, S., & Cascardi, M. (2018). The impact of early childbirth on socioeconomic outcomes and risk indicators of females transitioning out of foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 84, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.11.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shpiegel, S., Cascardi, M., & Dineen, M. (2017). A social ecology analysis of childbirth among females emancipating from foster care. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 60(5), 563–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.09.013

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shpiegel, S., Day, A., & Dworsky, A. (2021). Postsecondary education access among young parents aging out of foster care. College Promise.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shpiegel, S., Fleming, T., Mishraky, L., VanWert, S., Goetz, B., Aparicio, E. M., & King, B. (2021). Factors associated with first and repeat births among females emancipating from foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 125, 105977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.105977

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schumacher, R. (2015). Prepping colleges for parents: Strategies for supporting parent success in postsecondary education. Institute for Women’s Policy Research. https://iwpr.org/iwpr-general/prepping-colleges-for-parents-strategies-for-supporting-student-parent-success-in-postsecondary-education/

  • Smithgall, C., Gladden, R. M., Howard, E., Goerge, R., & Courtney, M. E. (2004). Educational experiences of children in out-of-home care. Chapin Hall Center for Children.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spigel, S. (2004). Support for Foster Children's Post-Secondary Education. Hartford, CT: State of Connecticut General Assembly Office of Legislative Reports.

  • Svoboda, D. V., Shaw, T. V., Barth, R. P., & Bright, C. L. (2012). Pregnancy and parenting among youth in foster care: A review. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(5), 867–875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.01.023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Student Parent Center. (n.d.) Student parent center. https://studentparents.berkeley.edu/

  • The Care Center (2021). Bard Microcollege Holyoke. https://www.carecenterholyoke.org/academics/care-center-college/bard-holyoke/

  • Tobolowsky, B. F., Scannapieco, M., Aguiniga, D. M., & Madden, E. E. (2019). Former foster youth experiences with higher education: Opportunities and challenges. Children and Youth Services Review, 104, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.05.039

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Torpey, E. (2021). Education pays, 2020, Career Outlook. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

  • U.S. Department of Education. (n.d). Upward Bound Program. Retrieved fromhttps://www2.ed.gov/programs/trioupbound/index.html

  • United States Bureau of Labor. (2020). Learn more, earn more: Education leads to higher wages, lower unemployment. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/careeroutlook/2020/data-on-display/education-pays.htm

  • United States Department of Education. (2021). Child Care Access Means Parents in School. Retrieved fromhttps://www2.ed.gov/programs/campisp/index.html

  • United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. (n.d.) Family unification program (FUP). Retrieved fromhttps://www.hud.gov/program_offices/public_indian_housing/programs/hcv/family

  • University of Wisconsin La Crosse. (2021). Self-sufficiency program. Retrieved from https://www.uwlax.edu/self-sufficiency-program/

  • Unrau, Y. A., Font, S. A., & Rawls, G. (2012). Readiness for college engagement among students who have aged out of foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(1), 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.09.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watt, T., & Faulkner, M. (2020). The Texas tuition and fee waiver program for youth who have experienced foster care: An assessment of waiver utilization and impact. Children and Youth Services Review, 117, 105285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105285

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge Monica Faulkner, Ph.D., LMSW and Janet Max, MPH, CHES for their contributions to the formulation of the paper. Additionally, the authors recognize the support of ReSHAPING (Research on Sexual Health and Adolescent Parenting in Out-of-Home Environments Group), as the majority of the authors are part of the network. The authors thank Annie E. Casey for their financial support of ReSHAPING.

Funding

Not applicable.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Florida State University College of Social Work, 296 Champions Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA

    Lisa Schelbe

  2. Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago, 1313 East 60th St., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA

    Amy Dworsky

  3. Department of Social Work and Child Advocacy, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Ave., Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA

    Svetlana Shpiegel

  4. Children’s Data Network, USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 1150 South Olive Street, Suite 1400, Los Angeles, CA, 90015, USA

    Andrea Lane Eastman

  5. University of Illinois Chicago, 1040 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA

    Jennifer M. Geiger

  6. Healthy Teen Network, 1501 St. Paul Street, Suite 114, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA

    Milagros Garrido & Gina Desiderio

Authors
  1. Lisa Schelbe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Amy Dworsky
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Svetlana Shpiegel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Andrea Lane Eastman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jennifer M. Geiger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Milagros Garrido
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Gina Desiderio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lisa Schelbe.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

Not applicable.

Consent to Participate

Not applicable.

Consent for Publication

Not applicable.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Schelbe, L., Dworsky, A., Shpiegel, S. et al. Promoting Postsecondary Educational Success Among Young Parents in and Aging Out of Foster Care. Child Adolesc Soc Work J 39, 763–775 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-022-00854-4

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-022-00854-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation