Abstract
This work was aimed at optimizing the adsorbent mass and contact time and evaluating the performance of two-stage batch adsorber of NaOH-activated coconut shell carbon for methylene blue removal. To decrease the dye concentration from 1000 to 89.4 mg/L at any effluent volumes, the two-stage adsorber displays a small mass saving of 0.33% because of the high adsorbent affinity towards methylene blue at 1.80 L/mg. Meanwhile, the contact time can be minimized by 97.6% as opposed to that in one-stage adsorber. The sensitivity analysis of affinity on mass minimization shows a significant saving of 28.5% when the affinity is reduced to 0.01 L/mg. The response surface methodology was used to optimize the two-stage absorber for methylene blue removal, wherein the most significant parameter is the contact time.
Funding source: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Award Identifier / Grant number: UTM-ICONIC 09G54
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: This work was supported by Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM-ICONIC Grant No. 09G54.
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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