Abstract
Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) has a high potential for wastewater treatment. Here, its capability for bioremoval of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) as one of the primary contaminants of water resources was evaluated. The effect of some operational parameters on surfactant removal efficiency was determined. Also, the impact of LAS on several physiological responses of Lemna was investigated. LAS remediation efficiency of L. minor was elevated with increasing LAS concentration, duckweed weight, and temperature. Furthermore, the optimal pH for removal was 7–8.5. The benzenesulfonate ring and five homologs of sulfophenyl carboxylate were identified as intermediates in the LAS degradation pathway. A decrease in relative growth rate and pigment contents was observed by increasing LAS concentration. In contrast, an increase in hydrogen peroxide content and electrolyte leakage indicated oxidative stress by LAS. Induction of enzymatic/non-enzymatic antioxidants was observed during the surfactant remediation process, indicating their role in overcoming free radicals generated under surfactant stress.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed under the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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The authors thank the University of Tabriz for financial support and the University of Guilan for providing laboratory facilities.
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Masoudian, Z., Salehi-Lisar, S.Y., Norastehnia, A. et al. Duckweed Potential for the Phytoremediation of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS): Identification of Some Intermediate Biodegradation Products and Evaluation of Antioxidant System. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 109, 364–372 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-022-03549-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-022-03549-9