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Does Overparenting Hurt Working Turkish Mother’s Well-being? The Influence of Family–Work Conflict and Perceived Stress in Established Adulthood

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Abstract

Although extant research demonstrates the negative impact of overparenting on child well-being, there remains a paucity of evidence on the effect of overparenting on the parents’ own well-being. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of overparenting on parental well-being, and to explore the mechanisms through which overparenting influences the well-being of working mothers, particularly among established adults. Thus, we examined the serial mediation effects of perceived stress and family-to-work conflict (FWC) in overparenting and well-being linkage. With this aim, the data were collected from working mothers (N = 258) aged between 30 and 45, a period of in their lifespan generally characterized by efforts devoted to career and care. Via serial mediation analyses, the findings postulate that (a) overparenting relates to the well-being and perceived stress of working mothers, (b) perceived stress (both individually and jointly with FWC) mediates the relationship between overparenting and well-being, and (c) perceived stress and FWC serially mediate the association between overparenting and well-being. The findings provide evidence related to the well-being experiences of established adulthood women in struggling their career-and care crunch from a perspective of overparenting, stress, and family-to-work conflict.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

    Eren Miski Aydin & Selin Metin-Camgoz

  2. Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Atılım University, Ankara, Turkey

    Irem Metin-Orta

  3. Biomedical Data Science Hub, Department of Population Health, Dell Medical School-The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA

    Nazan Aksan

Authors
  1. Eren Miski Aydin
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  2. Irem Metin-Orta
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  3. Selin Metin-Camgoz
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  4. Nazan Aksan
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Correspondence to Eren Miski Aydin.

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Appendix

Appendix

Helicopter parenting inventory (HPI) Odenweller et al. (2014) and adapted to Turkish by Ertuna (2016). (All items were reworded with “I” phrase to reflect how the mother responds to her child)

1. My parent tries to make all of my major decisions

2. My parent discourages me from making decisions that he or she disagrees with

3. If my parent doesn’t do particular things for me, they will not get done

4. My parent overreacts when I encounter a negative experience

5. My parent doesn’t intervene in my life unless he or she notices me experiencing physical or emotional trauma

6. Sometimes my parent spends more time and energy into my projects than I do

7. My parent considers oneself a bad parent when he or she does not step in and ‘‘save’’ me from difficulty

8. My parent feels like a bad parent when I make poor choices

9. My parent voices their opinion about my personal relationships

10. My parent considers himself or herself a good parent when he or she solves problems for me

11. My parent insists that I should keep him or her informed of my daily activities

12. When I have to go somewhere, my parent accompanies me

13. When I am going through a difficult situation, my parent always tries to fix it

14. My parent encourages me to take risks and step outside of my comfort zone

15. My parent thinks it is his or her job to shield me from adversity

Family–work conflict scale—Netemeyer et al. (1996) and adapted to Turkish by Efeoglu (2006)

1. The demands of my family or spouse/partner interfere with work-related activities

2. I have to put off doing things at work because of demands on my time at home

3. Things I want to do at work don't get done because of the demands of my family or spouse/partner

4. My home life interferes with my responsibilities at work such as getting to work on time, accomplishing daily tasks, and working overtime

5. Family-related strain interferes with my ability to perform job-related duties

Perceived stress scale (PSS)—Cohen et al. (1983) and adapted to Turkish by Çelik Örücü and Demir (2011)

1. In the last month, how often have you been upset because of something that happened unexpectedly?

2. In the last month, how often have you felt that you were unable to control the important things in your life?

3. In the last month, how often have you felt nervous and “stressed”?

4. In the last month, how often have you felt confident about your ability to handle your personal problems?

5. In the last month, how often have you felt that things were going your way

6. In the last month, how often have you found that you could not cope with all the things that you had to do?

7. In the last month, how often have you been able to control irritations in your life?

8. In the last month, how often have you felt that you were on top of things?

9. In the last month, how often have you been angered because of things that were outside of your control?

10. In the last month, how often have you felt difficulties were piling up so high that you could not overcome them?

Well-being—Zheng et al. (2015) and adapted to Turkish by Bayhan-Karapinar et al. (2020)

Life well-being (LWB)

1. I feel satisfied with my life

2. I am close to my dream in most aspects of my life

3. Most of the time, I do feel real happiness

4. I am in a good life situation

5. My life is very fun

6

I would hardly change my current way of life in the afterlife

Workplace well-being (WWB)

7. I am satisfied with my work responsibilities

8. In general, I feel fairly satisfied with my present job

9. I find real enjoyment in my work

10. I can always find ways to enrich my work

11. Work is a meaningful experience for me

12. I feel basically satisfied with my work achievements in my current job

Psychological well-being (PWB)

13. I feel I have grown as a person

14. I handle daily affairs well

15. I generally feel good about myself, and I’m confident

16. People think I am willing to give and to share my time with

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Miski Aydin, E., Metin-Orta, I., Metin-Camgoz, S. et al. Does Overparenting Hurt Working Turkish Mother’s Well-being? The Influence of Family–Work Conflict and Perceived Stress in Established Adulthood. J Adult Dev 30, 131–144 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-022-09408-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-022-09408-5

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