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Mechanism of Sodium Carbonate-Assisted Carbothermic Reduction of Titanomagnetite Concentrate

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Abstract

The molten Na2CO3-assisted carbothermic reduction followed by water leaching is a promising process to comprehensively utilize the titanomagnetite concentrate. In this study, the effects of temperature, graphite component, and Na2CO3 component on the iso-carbothermic reduction of titanomagnetite in argon atmosphere were investigated. Thermodynamic analysis results speculated reduction of iron oxides in titanomagnetite concentrate in Na-Fe-Ti-C-O system at 1423 K to 1523 K were feasible, and low-valence titanium oxide was not formed with the existence of Na2O. The iso-reaction mechanisms and kinetic analyses of Na2CO3-titanomagnetite, Na2CO3-graphite, graphite-titanomagnetite, and Na2CO3-graphite-titanomagnetite were investigated at 1523 K. In the roasting process of Na2CO3 and titanomagnetite, Na2CO3 destroyed the crystal structure of titanomagnetite and oxidized Fe2+ to Fe3+, generating CO gas. Thus, with the assistance of Na2CO3, the carbothermic reduction rate of titanomagnetite was expedited. Compared with the direct reduction process, after adding Na2CO3, the apparent reduction activation energy of iron oxides decreased from 165.56 to 87.25 kJ·mol−1.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support for this study was received from the National Key R & D Program of China (2018YFC1900500), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDC04010100), Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. QYZDJ-SSW-JSC021), National Natural Science Foundation of China (21908231), Special Project for Transformation of Major Technological Achievements in Hebei province (19044012Z), Province Key R & D Program of Hebei (20374105D), and CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team. The support from these agencies is gratefully acknowledged.

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Correspondence to Yu-Lan Zhen.

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Manuscript submitted June 13, 2021; accepted April 8, 2022.

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Chen, LM., Zhen, YL., Zhang, GH. et al. Mechanism of Sodium Carbonate-Assisted Carbothermic Reduction of Titanomagnetite Concentrate. Metall Mater Trans B 53, 2272–2292 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-022-02528-z

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