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Edaphic factors as genetic selection agents and adaptation drivers of native plant species in harsh environments of the Brazilian savanna

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Abstract

Background

The highly diversified flora in the Brazilian Cerrado (savanna) region is attributed to several factors, including the high concentrations of metals in soils, especially Al in widespread Ferralsols and Ni in soils derived from ultramafic rocks. We hypothesized that adaptation mechanisms are responsible for the genetic diversity of the following native plant species that are found in the abovementioned environments: Euploca salicoides (ES), Justicia lanstyakii (JL), and Oxalis hirsutissima (OH).

Objectives

We aimed to analyse the main edaphic factors that differentiate ultramafic from Al-rich environments, and act as drivers of the evolution of physiological mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to these harsh environments.

Methods

We analysed the chemical attributes of four ultramafic soils (SAP5, SAP7, SAP9, LAT) and an Al-rich soil (CAM), and the elemental composition and DNA of the three species growing in both environments. ES was used as a model species to analyse changes in the levels of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) and Ni localization in plant leaves.

Results

The soil types presented significant differences in available nutrients and heavy metals. The DNA sampled from the same species from ultramafic sites was genetically closer, but different from that in the Al-rich sites. In ultramafic soils, ES accessions had high levels of NSCs and Ni accumulated in trichomes.

Conclusions

The genetic diversity observed in plants growing in both areas is probably related to plant adaptation to the contrasting edaphic conditions of these environments. The raffinose production and Ni allocation to trichomes are mechanisms employed by ES to overcome metal toxification in ultramafic environments.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the staff from the Embrapa Cerrados laboratories for their assistance in conducting chemical, physical, and biological analyses. We are grateful to Anglo American do Brasil for the financial, logistical, and technical support in Barro Alto-GO. We also thank the Eliseu Alves Foundation and its staff for the administrative and technical support and the Brazilian Institute for Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) for the authorizations granted to perform this study (Process n° 02001.001558/2006-21). We are very thankful for the constructive comments from Thomas Adolpho Rein and from two anonymous reviewers, which greatly improved this manuscript.

Funding

This research was partially supported by Anglo American and Embrapa.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, FD, Brazil

    Leide R. M. Andrade, Fabiana G. Aquino, Jamile S. Oliveira, Cícero D. Pereira, Juaci V. Malaquias, Fábio G. Faleiro, Fábio B. Reis Junior, Zenilton G. Miranda & Edson E. Sano

  2. Laboratoire Sols et Environment, Université de Lorraine–INRAE, 54000, Nancy, France

    Guillaume Echevarria

  3. Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation–Sustainable Minerals Institute, University of Queensland, 4072, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia

    Guillaume Echevarria

  4. Departament of Botany, IB, University of Brasilia, Brasília, FD, Brazil

    Karina S. Souza & Lourdes Isabel Velho do Amaral

  5. Université de Lorraine–CNRS, LIEC, 54000, Nancy, France

    Emmanuelle Montargès-Pelletier

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  1. Leide R. M. Andrade
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Leide Rovênia Miranda de Andrade, Guillaume Echevarria, Jamile S. Oliveira, Cícero D. Pereira, Karina S. Souza, Emmanuelle Montargès-Pelletier, Juaci V. Malaquias, Edson E. Sano, Fabiana G. Aquino, Fábio G. Faleiro, Fábio B. Reis Junior, Zenilton G. Miranda, Lourdes Velho do Amaral†. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Leide Rovênia Miranda de Andrade and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Leide R. M. Andrade.

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In memoriam of Lourdes Isabel Velho do Amaral.

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Andrade, L.R.M., Aquino, F.G., Echevarria, G. et al. Edaphic factors as genetic selection agents and adaptation drivers of native plant species in harsh environments of the Brazilian savanna. Plant Soil 479, 301–323 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05520-3

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