Abstract
Archaeologists are well situated for the study of disability because social expectations about normative ability and behavior are embedded into buildings, landscapes, material culture, and daily practices. Archaeologists can destabilize norms by investigating how expectations changed over time, and archaeological research is a way of exploring the intersection between embodied experiences, agency, and identification. Archaeological research into embodied and social experiences of disability and institutionalization can inform current debates about accessibility and healthcare inequality. Window glass at an early twentieth-century tuberculosis sanatoria is an example of how ideas about the body are embedded in the landscape and built environment.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Algeo, K. (2004). Mammoth cave and the making of place. Southeastern Geographers 44(1): 27–47.
Barnes, D. S. (1995). The Making of a Social Disease: Tuberculosis in Nineteenth-century France. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Battles, H. (2011). Towards engagement: exploring the prospects for an integrated anthropology of disability. Explorations in Anthropology 11(1): 107–124.
Beisaw, A. M. and Gibb, J. G. (eds.) (2009). The Archaeology of Institutional Life. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.
Bender, L. (2013). Evaluating flat glass thickness at the Isaac Miles Farm (13CD139), Herbert Hoover National Historic Site West Branch, IA. Nebraska Anthropologist 28: 84–94.
Blackmore, C. (2011). How to queer the past without sex: queer theory, feminisms and the archaeology of identity. Archaeologies 7(1): 75–96.
Bone, K. M. (2017). Trapped behind the glass: crip theory and disability identity. Disability and Society 39(9): 1297–1314.
Boys, J. (2014). Doing Disability Differently: An Alternative Handbook on Architecture, Dis/ability and Designing for Everyday Life. Routledge, London.
Brown, L. (1912). Preliminary talk to patients undergoing treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis. Journal of the Outdoor Life 9(12): 289–292.
Cable, M. (1999). Mechanization of glass manufacture. Journal of the American Ceramics Society 82(5): 1093–1112.
Campbell, M. (2005). What tuberculosis did for Modernism: the influence of a curative environment on Modernist design and architecture. Medical History 49(4): 463–488.
Casella, E. C. (2007). The Archaeology of Institutional Confinement. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
Codman, W. (1938). Steps in the Development of the Weimar Tuberculosis Sanatorium Indian Pavilion Project, Dec 22, 1931 to January 8, 1938. California Historical Society, San Francisco.
Colfax Record [Colfax, CA]. (1969). Weimar Medical Center celebrates 50th anniversary. Colfax Record, p. 10.
Cronon, W. (1996). The trouble with wilderness or, getting back to the wrong nature. Environmental History 1(1): 7–28.
Dejong, D. H. (2007). “Unless they are kept alive”: Federal Indian Schools and student health, 1878–1918. American Indian Quarterly 31(2): 256–282.
Dettwyler, K. A. (1991). Can paleopathology provide evidence for “compassion?” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 84(4): 375–384.
Downey, L. (1994). “This novel employment of untrained hands:” the pottery of the Arequipa Sanatorium. California History 73(3): 202–215.
Dungworth, D. (2011). The value of historic window glass. Historic Environment 2(1): 21–48.
Dungworth, D. (2012). Historic window glass: the use of chemical analysis to date manufacture. Journal of Architectural Conservation 18(1): 7–25.
Evans, W. A. (1924). Loafing or resting. The Tea Bee 12(4): 5–6. Colfax Area Historical Society Archives, Colfax, CA.
Farmer, P. (1997). Social scientists and the new tuberculosis. Social Science and Medicine 44(3): 347–358.
Fear-Segal, J. (2010). Institutional death and ceremonial healing far from home: the Carlisle Indian School Cemetery. Museum Anthropology 33(2): 157–171.
Fraser, M. (2007). Dis/Abling Exclusion, En/Abling Access: Identifying and Removing Barriers in Archaeological Practice for Persons with (Dis/)Abilities. Doctoral Dissertation, American University, Washington, DC.
Freud, S. (1950 [1913]). Totem and Taboo. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London.
Garland-Thomson, R. (2005). Feminist disability dtudies. Signs 30(2): 1557–1687.
Glantz, A. E. (2008). A tax on light and air: impact of the window duty on tax administration and architecture, 1695–1851. Penn History Review 15(3): 18–40.
Goodman and Paige. (1927). Spectral Transmission. Henry Meyers Collection, 1901–1942. 1986-3. University of California Berkeley Environmental Design Archives, Berkeley.
Hamilakis, Y., Pluciennik, M., and Tarlow, S. (eds.) (2002). Thinking Through the Body: Archaeologies of Corporeality. Springer, New York.
Harris, H. G. (1883). Plate glass. Technological Handbooks, Wood, H. T. (ed.). George Bell and Sons, London.
Herold, R. A. and Stanton, J. E. (1918). Plot Plan: Tuberculosis Hospital at Weimar; Placer County, Cal. For Eleven Joint Counties. Sacramento, California. Placer County Archives, Auburn, CA.
Hosey, L. (2001). Hidden lines: gender, race, and the body in “Graphic Standards.” Journal of Architectural Education 55(2): 101–112.
Hughes, B. and Paterson, K. (1997). The social model of disability and the disappearing body: towards a sociology of impairment. Disability and Society 12(3): 325–340.
Imrie, R. (2003). Architect’s conceptions of the human body. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 21(1): 47–65.
Ison, B. S. (1990). Window Glass in Kentucky 1790 to 1940: Potential Characteristics and Variation of the Archaeological Assemblage as Produced by the Processes of Manufacture, Distribution, Use, and Deposition. Master's thesis, University of Kentucky, Lexington.
Jelliffe, S. E. and Evans, E. (1919). Psychotherapy and tuberculosis. American Review of Tuberculosis 3: 417–432.
K., R. E., and L., E. R. (1954). Weimar Joint Sanitorium, Weimar (Placer Co.) California. Revised June 1953, Sept. 2, 1954. Weimar Institute Records, Weimar, CA.
Lamplough, F. E. (1929). The properties and application of “vita” glass. Journal of the Royal Society for Arts 77(3997): 799–811.
Lawlor, C. (2006). Consumption and Literature: The Making of the Romantic Disease. Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Lerner, B. H. (1999). Tuberculosis in Seattle, 1949–1973: balancing public health and civil liberties. Western Journal of Medicine 171(1): 44–48.
Lincoln, E. S. (1936). The Electric Home: A Standard Ready Reference Book. Electric Home Publishing Company, New York.
Lorrain, D. (1968). An archaeologist’s guide to nineteenth Century American glass. Historical Archaeology 2(1): 35–44.
Marcellus, J. (2008). Nervous women and noble savages: the romanticized “Other” in nineteenth-century US patent medicine advertising. Journal of Popular Culture 41(5): 784–808.
McKeel, J. D. (2016). From the windows to the walls: window glass spatial analysis at the Unity Presbyterian Red Brick Church Site. North American Archaeologist 37(4): 259–278.
McRuer, R. (2006). Crip Theory: Cultural Signs of Queerness and Disability. New York University Press, New York.
Minor, C. L. (1918). The psychological handling of the tuberculous patient. American Review of Tuberculosis 2(8): 457–469.
Mitchell, D. T. and Snyder, S. L. (2001). Re-engaging the body: disability studies and the resistance to embodiment. Public Culture 13(3): 367–389.
Monro, W. L. (1926). Window Glass in the Making: An Art, A Craft, A Business. American Window Glass, Pittsburgh.
Nascimento, M. L. F. and Zanotto, E. D. (2016). On the first patents, key inventions and research manuscripts about glass science and technology. World Patent Information 47: 54–66.
Nnoaham, K. E. and Clarke, A. (2008). Low serum vitamin D levels and tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Epidemiology 37(1): 113–119.
Northumberland Archives. (2015). Children at rest in the vita glass pavilion. HOSP/STAN/11/1/31. <https://www.northumberlandarchives.com/tag/vita-glass/>, accessed April 2019.
Nusbaumer, B., Kaminski-Hartenthaler, A., Forneris, C. A., Morgan, L. C., Sonis, J. H., Gayne, B. N., Greenblatt, A., Wipplinger, J., Lux, L. J., Winkler, D., Van Noord, M. G., Hofmann, J., and Gartlehner, G. (2015). Light therapy for preventing seasonal affective disorder. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 11: 1–53.
Oliver, M. (1983). Social Work with Disabled People. Macmillan Education, Basingstoke.
Oliver, M. (2013). The social model of disability: thirty years on. Disability and Society 28(7): 1024–1026.
Ott, K. (1996). Fevered Lives: Tuberculosis in American Culture since 1870. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Packard, R. M. (1989). White Plague, Black Labor: Tuberculosis and the Political Economy of Health and Disease in South Africa. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Reid-Cunningham, A. R. (2009). Anthropological theories of disability. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 19(1): 99–111.
Ronningen, J. (1980). College Is latest sanitorium tenant. Auburn Journal, 108(81),December 21.
Roberts, C. A. and Buikstra, J. E. (2003). The Bioarchaeology of Tuberculosis: A Global View on a Reemerging Disease. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
Roenke, K. G. (1978). Flat glass: its use as a dating tool for nineteenth century archaeological sites in the Pacific Northwest and elsewhere. Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 12(2): 1-128.
Rohm and Haas Company. (1945). Chemicals for Industry. Rohm and Haas, Philadelphia, PA.
Rothman, S. (1994). Living in the Shadow of Death: Tuberculosis and the Social Experience of Illness in America. Basic Books, New York.
Sadar, J. S. (2015). Unveiling the ultraviolet: “Vita” glass, bodies and the marketing of material performance. Architecture and Culture 3(3): 375–395.
Shakespeare, T. and Watson, N. (2002). The social model of disability: an outdated ideology? Research in Social Science and Disability 2: 9–28.
Shields, J. A. (1927). Map Showing Buildings and Topography of Weimar Joint Sanitorium Placer Co. Calif. Surveyed Apr. 1926 and Apr. 1927. Placer County Archives, Auburn, CA.
Shilling, C. (2002). Culture, the "sick role" and the consumption of health. British Journal of Sociology 53(4): 621–638.
Siebers, T. (2008). Disability Theory. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
Sontag, S. (1977). Illness as Metaphor. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York.
Southern Baptist Sanatorium. (1926). 1926 Ad for Southern Baptist Sanitarium El Paso Texas. Period Paper Historic Art. <https://www.periodpaper.com/products/1926-ad-southern-baptist-sanitarium-el-paso-texas-tb-original-advertising-001211-sanitarium-047>, accessed November 2021.
Southwell-Wright, W. (2013). Past perspectives: what can archaeology offer disability studies? In Wappett, M. and Arndt, K. (eds.), Emerging Perspectives on Disability Studies. Springer, New York, pp. 67–95.
Summers, L. (2001). Bound to Please: A History of the Victorian Corset. Berg, Oxford.
Tankard, A. (2011). The Victorian consumptive in disability studies. Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies 5(1): 17–33.
Thomas, C. (2004). How is disability understood? an examination of sociological approaches. Disability and Society 19(6): 569–583.
Tilley, L. (2015). Theory and Practice in the Bioarchaeology of Care. Springer, New York.
Tilley, L. and Schrenk, A. A. (eds.) (2017). New Developments in the Bioarchaeology of Care: Further Case Studies and Expanded Theory. Springer, New York.
Union of the Physically Impaired Against Segregation (UPIAS). (1976). Fundamental Principles of Disability. Union of the Physically Impaired Against Segregation, London.
Weiland, J. (2009). A comparison and review of window glass analysis approaches in historical archaeology. Technical Briefs in Historical Archaeology 4: 29–40.
Wendell, S. (1989). Toward a feminist theory of disability. Hypatia 4(2): 104–124.
Williams, S. J. (1999). Is anybody there? critical realism, chronic illness and the disability debate. Sociology of Health and Illness 21(6): 797–819.
World Health Organization. (2018). Global TB Report. World Health Organization, Geneva.
Yonash, R. (2015). History of the Weimar Joint Sanatorium and the Weimar Cemetery. Colfax Area Historical Society, Colfax, CA.
Funding
Partial financial support was received from the Lowie-Olsen Fund, the Stahl Endowment and the Dissertation Completion Fellowship.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics Approval
The Tuberculosis Sanatorium Oral History Project was approved by a Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects. The CHPS call number for this project is 2017-10-10382.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Scott, A.R. Archaeology, Disability, Healthcare, and the Weimar Joint Sanatorium for Tuberculosis. Int J Histor Archaeol 27, 201–219 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10761-022-00661-8
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10761-022-00661-8