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Preparation and Characterization of Gatifloxacin-Loaded Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber for the Management of Dry Eye Infection

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Abstract

Purpose

Dry eye can cause an increased risk of ocular infection due to loss of corneal epithelial integrity and changes to tear film homeostasis. Polymeric nanofibers with unique physicochemical and biological properties have attracted a lot of attention due to the improved in vivo performance of their conventional ocular formulations. The purpose of this present exposition was to assess the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of gatifloxacin (GAF)-loaded polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber in dry eye conditions.

Methods

The nanofibers were characterized for morphology, drug entrapment, swelling behavior, drug release, oxygen permeability, biodegradability, antimicrobial potential, and sterility. Draize test, in vivo antibacterial activity, corneal healing characteristics, and tear quality profiles were also used to determine in vivo safety and efficacy.

Results

Experimental findings suggested that electrospinning at defined conditions (applied voltage of 18 kV, flow rate of 0.5 mL/h, and tip to collector distance of 10 cm) produced smooth and continuous nanofibers with an average diameter of 480 nm. High drug entrapment of 95% combined with swelling indices of around 180% increased the controlled drug delivery capability of the prepared formulation. A slow degradation rate of 3±0.75% ensured a long-term cumulative drug release of 90% within 16 days. The inhibition diameter of the optimized formulation was found to be 15 ± 0.31 mm for E. coli and 13 ± 0.26 mm for S. aureus. Furthermore, after 3 days in an experimental dry eye animal model, the drug-loaded nanofiber showed better antibacterial activity, corneal healing, and tear film stability than the commercial eye drop.

Conclusion

Overall, the study concluded that the GAF-loaded PAN nanofiber has good application prospects in the treatment of dry eye due to its safety and controlled drug release profile.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the SOA Institute and IMS-SUM Hospital for providing the necessary facilities and encouragement.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Dipak Kumar Sahu, Deepak Pradhan, Jitu Halder, Prativa Biswasroy, Biswakanth Kar, Goutam Ghosh & Goutam Rath

  2. Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Goutam Rath

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  1. Dipak Kumar Sahu
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Correspondence to Goutam Rath.

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Ethical Statement

The Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (IAEC/ SPS/SOA/26/2020) SPS, SOA University authorized all animal-related experimental protocols, which were carried out in compliance with CPCSEA guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals. All efforts were made to use the smallest number of animals possible in order to obtain valid scientific data.

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Sahu, D.K., Pradhan, D., Halder, J. et al. Preparation and Characterization of Gatifloxacin-Loaded Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber for the Management of Dry Eye Infection. J Pharm Innov 18, 391–403 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12247-022-09650-0

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