Abstract
A comprehensive account of fungal classification from freshwater habitats is outlined and discussed in the present review based on literature of biodiversity studies and recent morpho-phylogenetic analyses. A total of 3,870 freshwater fungal species are listed with additional details on the isolation source, habitat, geographical distribution, and molecular data. The Ascomycota (2,968 species, 1,018 genera) dominated the freshwater fungal taxa wherein Sordariomycetes (823 species, 298 genera) had the largest number, followed by Dothideomycetes (677 species, 229 genera), Eurotiomycetes (276 species, 49 genera), and Leotiomycetes (260 species, 83 genera). Other phyla included in the updated classification of freshwater fungi are: Chytridiomycota (333 species, 97 genera), Rozellomycota (221 species, 105 genera), Basidiomycota (218 species, 100 genera), Blastocladiomycota (47 species, 10 genera), Monoblepharomycota (29 species, 6 genera), Mucoromycota (19 species, 10 genera), Aphelidiomycota (15 species, 3 genera), Entomophthoromycota (6 species, 4 genera), Mortierellomycota (5 species, 3 genera), Olpidiomycota (4 species, 1 genus), Zoopagomycota (3 species, 2 genera), and Sanchytriomycota (2 species, 2 genera). The freshwater fungi belong to 1,361 genera, 386 families and 145 orders. The Pleosporales and Laboulbeniaceae are the largest freshwater fungal order and family comprised of 391 and 185 species, respectively. The most speciose genera are Chitonomyces (87, Laboulbeniomycetes), Verrucaria (50, Eurotiomycetes), Rhizophydium (52, Rhizophydiomycetes), Penicillium (47, Eurotiomycetes), and Candida (42, Saccharomycetes).
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30 May 2022
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Acknowledgements
Kevin D. Hyde acknowledges Thailand Research Fund “The future of specialist fungi in a changing climate: baseline data for generalist and specialist fungi associated with ants, Rhododendron species and Dracaena species” (DBG6080013) and “Impact of climate change on fungal diversity and biogeography in the Greater Mekong Sub-region” (RDG6130001). Kevin D. Hyde thanks Chiang Mai University for the Award of Visiting Professor. Mark S. Calabon is grateful to Mushroom Research Foundation, Department of Science and Technology-Science Education Institute (Philippines), and Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI) grant “Macrofungi diversity research from the Lancang-Mekong Watershed and surrounding areas” (Grant No. DBG6280009). E. B. Gareth Jones acknowledges the award of a Distinguished Scientist Fellowship (DSFP), King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Nattawut Boonyuen thanks BIOTEC and the Integrated Technology Platform, NSTDA-Thailand (Grant Number P1952580) for partial support in this work.
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Calabon, M.S., Hyde, K.D., Jones, E.B.G. et al. Freshwater fungal numbers. Fungal Diversity 114, 3–235 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-022-00503-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-022-00503-2