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Investigation of flow structure with moat acting as a water cushion at the toe of an overflowing levee

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Abstract

The principle theme of this study is to introduce a novel countermeasure to reduce the energy of the overflowing floodwater by utilization of a water cushion. For this purpose, laboratory experiments including “LW” cases (levee with water cushion) and “OL” cases (only levee) were conducted to elucidate the role of a water cushion in the flow structure variation after a levee is overflowed and to reduce energy. A moat (a deep and wide trench) with varying non-dimensional length (Lm* = Lm/hL; Lm is the length of the moat where hL is the levee height) and depth (Dm* = Dm/hL; Dm is the moat depth) acting as a water cushion was provided at the toe of a levee with varied landward slopes (SL). The energy reductions in the LW and OL systems were found to be very close to each other at lower overflow water depths, while it was 25% greater in the LW system than in the OL system at higher overflow water depths. Changes in the landward slope (SL) of the levee, non-dimensional length (Lm*), and depth (Dm*) of moat significantly changed the flow structure and created six different flow structures. However, 1–6%, 1–3%, and 1–5% differences in energy reduction rate were observed by varying SL, Lm*, and Dm*, respectively, in LW cases. All flow structures contributed greatly to energy reduction, but the energy reduction rate was maximum in flow structure named as T-2. Flow structures named as T-2 and T-6 are preferable due to increased water depth inside the moat and presence of submerged hydraulic jump which can be achieved during landward slopes SL = 1:1, 1:2 and by decreasing Lm* Dm*, of moat during Landward slope SL = 1:3.

Article Highlights

  • The water cushion function of moat was utilized at toe of overflowing levee.

  • The effect of different non-dimensional overflow water depths, non-dimensional length, depth of moat and varying landward slope of levee on flow structure was investigated.

  • Different flow structure was classified based on non-dimensional length and depth of moat.

  • Relation between flow structure and energy reduction rate was investigated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan

    Fakhar Muhammad Abbas & Norio Tanaka

  2. International Institute for Resilient Society, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan

    Norio Tanaka

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  1. Fakhar Muhammad Abbas
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  2. Norio Tanaka
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Correspondence to Norio Tanaka.

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Abbas, F.M., Tanaka, N. Investigation of flow structure with moat acting as a water cushion at the toe of an overflowing levee. Environ Fluid Mech 22, 865–889 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-022-09861-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-022-09861-6

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