Abstract
Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), is an invasive pest of Asian origin first detected in North Carolina in 2009. By 2015, it became an important pest in the mountain and Piedmont regions, but its population densities have remained low in the eastern plains regions. Starting with a cohort of diapausing adults in January of 2018 and 2019, semi-field cage studies were used to document the phenology and reproductive capacity of H. halys through October of each year at Mills River (mountains) and Goldsboro (Southeastern Plains) sites, which have the same photoperiod, but different temperature profiles. Halyomorpha halys was univoltine in the cooler mountain site, but bivoltine in the warmer plains site, leading to earlier emergence from overwintering diapause, greater heat unit accumulations, and a F1 adult generation that emerged before on-set of diapause-inducing conditions, which allowed for an F2 generation. However, only 17.2% of ovipositing F1 females laid egg masses that hatched, compared to > 90% of overwintered females. Poor establishment of H. halys in the plains versus mountains was attributed to heat stress that contributed to a higher percentage of overwintered adults that emerged early and did not oviposit, a truncated oviposition pattern by overwintered adults, and poor F2 egg hatch. Quadratic equations fit relationships between cumulative degree-days from biofix and proportional oviposition and adult eclosion of respective generations. Utility of the phenology model on a wider scale will depend on how well H. halys populations in other areas conform to North Carolina population’s response to photoperiod and temperature.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Amelia Heintz-Botz, Steve Schoof, Alexandria Lines, Taylor Ackley, and Kareem Phillips for technical assistance.
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Funding source was identified in the acknowledgments. This work was supported, in part, by USDA-NIFASCRI project 2016-51181-25409 and USDA-NIFA Hatch projects NCO-02640, NCO-2784, and NCO-2788.
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Ogburn, E.C., Ohmen, T.M., Huseth, A.S. et al. Temperature-driven differences in phenology and habitat suitability for brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, in two ecoregions of North Carolina. J Pest Sci 96, 373–387 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-022-01497-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-022-01497-1