Abstract
Biosensors are gaining interest in biomedical and environmental sciences. In particular, graphene-based biosensors are promising due to the unique properties of graphene. Here we review the synthesis, characterization, and applications of graphene in enzymatic sensors, immunosensors, DNA sensors, and wearable sensors. Graphene displays advantages such as biocompatibility and oxygenated functional groups that enable chemical functionalization to form composites with metals. We discuss sensor reproducibility, detection limits, sensitivity, multi-targets, and portability.
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source usage classifies the process of graphene synthesis into several classes. Selecting a process for graphene fabrication is based on the anticipated size, crystallinity, and purity of the final product
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Acknowledgements
Authors are grateful to the Director of Indian Institute of Information Technology Una, Himachal Pradesh, India for providing the necessary facility to pursue the present work.
Funding
The work reported here has been supported by various funding agencies to Dr. Madan L.Verma. We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from Himachal Pradesh Council for Science, Technology and Environment (HIMCOSTE Sanction Order: No. STC/F(8)-6/2019(R&D 2019-20)-377) and Australian High Commission New Delhi (Application No. AAGS2020/82), respectively.
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Verma, M.L., Sukriti, Dhanya, B.S. et al. Synthesis and application of graphene-based sensors in biology: a review. Environ Chem Lett 20, 2189–2212 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-022-01404-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-022-01404-1