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Differential responses of pear cultivars to Erwinia amylovora infection; evidences of involvement the hypersensitivity response in pear resistance to fire blight

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Abstract

Fire blight, a disease caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is a serious threat for pear production worldwide. In order to shed light on the mechanisms underlying fire blight resistance, a comparable study was conducted using ‘Dargazi’ and ‘Duchess’, two pear cultivars displaying contrasting responses to fire blight. The activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) as well as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), the enzyme associated with phenolic metabolism, and the relevant biochemical compounds including total phenol and flavonoid contents were compared in two cultivars in response to E. amylovora. All biochemical parameters were affected by pathogen attack. However, the enzymatic responses of resistant and susceptible pear cultivars were completely different following E. amylovora infection. In ‘Dargazi’ the activity of CAT and APX were significantly suppressed in response to the pathogen attack during the early days after bacterial inoculation, while they were significantly activated in 'Duchess' at the same stages. The POD showed a different pattern of activity from two other antioxidant enzymes. Pathogen attack induced the phenylpropanoid metabolism and caused an increase in PAL activity as well as total phenol and flavonoid content in the two pear cultivars, but a significantly higher rise was recorded in 'Dargazi' than in 'Duchess'. Our data strongly suggest that the hypersensitivity response (HR) may contribute to the high resistance of 'Dargazi' to E. amylovora. Results of present study provide valuable information about the mechanisms underlying the fire blight resistance in 'Dargazi' cultivar which would be highly beneficial for engineering fire blight resistance Pyrus cultivars.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support for this work provided by Ilam University, Iran. We also are grateful to Dr. H. Abdollahi (Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran) for providing two pear cultivars and bacterial strain.

Funding

This work was supported by Ilam University, Iran [grant number: 04-IRILU-Ag-000032-21].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran

    Javad Erfani-Moghadam

  2. Department of Plant Production and Genetic (Biotechnology), Jahrom University, PO BOX, 74135-111, Jahrom, Iran

    Abdolkarim Zarei

Authors
  1. Javad Erfani-Moghadam
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  2. Abdolkarim Zarei
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation and data collection were performed by Abdolkarim Zarei and Javad Erfani-Moghadam. Data analysis were performed by Javad Erfani-Moghadam.The first draft of the manuscript was written by Abdolkarim Zarei, revised by Javad Erfani-Moghadam and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Javad Erfani-Moghadam or Abdolkarim Zarei.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Erfani-Moghadam, J., Zarei, A. Differential responses of pear cultivars to Erwinia amylovora infection; evidences of involvement the hypersensitivity response in pear resistance to fire blight. Eur J Plant Pathol 162, 927–943 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-021-02448-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-021-02448-9

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