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Petro-Mineralogical and Geochemical Evaluation of Glauconitic Rocks of the Ukra Member (Bhuj Formation), Kutch Basin, India

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Clays and Clay Minerals

Abstract

Glauconites occurring within the Ukra Member of Kutch Basin have remained unexplored in terms of their economic significance. The present study aimed to present a detailed physicochemical characterization of glauconite occurring in the siliciclastic rocks of Guneri and Umarsar area of the Kutch district, Gujarat, India to explore their economic potential. The study involved an integrated petrographical, mineralogical, and geochemical investigation of glauconitic rocks to highlight the occurrence, nature, and maturity of glauconite. The characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) combined with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Petrographic and bulk XRD analysis revealed that the glauconite occurs as green pellets constituting ~30 and 40% of the glauconitic sandstone and shale, respectively. Whole-rock analysis showed that the value of K2O varies considerably from 3.93 wt.% (sandstone) to 5.63 wt.% (shale). Mineral chemistry indicated the distinctive chemical composition of glauconite pellets containing 7.4–8.4 wt.% of K2O. The parameters, such as the distance between the (001) and (020) peaks and the large K2O content (~8 wt.%) of the glauconite fraction reflect an evolved to highly evolved stage of maturation. The morphological and spectral signatures further support the high degree of maturation in glauconites. Trace-element analysis implied that the glauconitic sandstone and shale contain elements such as Zn, Mn, Cu, Co, Mo, and Ni, which serve as essential micronutrients for plants. These data sets collectively constitute part of a preliminary study which is prerequisite to beneficiation, but further evaluation of its potential as a potash fertilizer also is needed.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the director, CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, for his permission to publish this paper. This research work was supported and funded by the In-House Research Project (OLP 0294) of the National Metallurgical Laboratory. The authors are grateful to Mr. Hajaj Basheer, Geologist (Sr.) of the Geological Survey of India (GSI), Gujarat, for providing the glauconitic rock samples.

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Funding sources are as stated in the Acknowledgments.

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  1. CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur, 831007, India

    Saurabh Shekhar, S. Sinha, D. Mishra, A. Agrawal & K. K. Sahu

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India

    Saurabh Shekhar & K. K. Sahu

  3. Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, India

    V. Kumari

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  1. Saurabh Shekhar
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Correspondence to K. K. Sahu.

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Shekhar, S., Kumari, V., Sinha, S. et al. Petro-Mineralogical and Geochemical Evaluation of Glauconitic Rocks of the Ukra Member (Bhuj Formation), Kutch Basin, India. Clays Clay Miner. 70, 135–153 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42860-021-00171-4

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