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Modeling and Analysis of Nanoparticle with Non-Uniform Drug Concentration Distribution: How to Approach a Programmed Delivery?

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Abstract

Purpose

Nanoparticle drug delivery systems are typically designed such that the drug is uniformly dispersed in their structure. Considering this point, clearly much amount of drug is inevitably present in outer layers. Hence, any unpredictable degradation leads to premature drug release with subsequent off-target toxicity. To overcome these issues, a new model of nanoparticles with a non-uniform drug concentration pattern is proposed.

Methods

In this new model, much amount of drug is located in the central parts of the sphere and decreases to eventually reach zero at the outermost layer. A numerical simulation is performed to model this system. Four different non-uniform patterns, including linear, 2nd order (type 1 and 2), and cosine, have been examined through this study.

Results

Results reveal that the general behavior of nanoparticles is affected by the way the drug is distributed in its structure. In non-uniform cases, nanoparticle degradation and subsequent drug release rate are significantly slower than the uniform state, for instance, after passing 11 h, about 90% of nanoparticle with uniform pattern has been degraded, while only an average of 18% was lost from non-uniform cases during this period; thus these new nanoparticles offer more stability for long-term circulation. In non-uniform approach, as opposed to uniform, no initial burst release is observed, and drug release profile follows almost a linear pattern. Furthermore, results show an average increase of 45% in final drug concentration after non-uniform nanoparticles’ fully degradation compared to uniform one.

Conclusion

Based on these findings, by the development of such designs, more efficient drug delivery will be somehow guaranteed.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Elham Lori Zoudani & M. Soltani

  2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada

    M. Soltani

  3. Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CBB), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada

    M. Soltani

  4. Advanced Bioengineering Initiative Center, Multidisciplinary International Complex, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    M. Soltani

  5. College of Information Sciences and Technology (IST), Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Program, Penn State University, State College, Pennsylvania, PA, 16801, USA

    Kaamran Raahemifar

  6. School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada

    M. Soltani & Kaamran Raahemifar

  7. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada

    Kaamran Raahemifar

Authors
  1. Elham Lori Zoudani
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  2. M. Soltani
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Elham Lori Zoudani, M. Soltani; Methodology: Elham Lori Zoudani, M. Soltani, Kaamran Raahemifar; Software: Elham Lori Zoudani, Validation: Elham Lori Zoudani, M. Soltani; Formal Analysis: Elham Lori Zoudani, M. Soltani; Investigation: Elham Lori Zoudani, M. Soltani; Data curation: Elham Lori Zoudani; Writing-original draft: Elham Lori Zoudani; Writing-review and editing: Elham Lori Zoudani, M. Soltani, Kaamran Raahemifar; Visualization: Elham Lori Zoudani; Supervision: M. Soltani; Project administration: M. Soltani; Resources: Kaamran Raahemifar; Funding acquisition: Kaamran Raahemifar.

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Correspondence to M. Soltani.

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Zoudani, E.L., Soltani, M. & Raahemifar, K. Modeling and Analysis of Nanoparticle with Non-Uniform Drug Concentration Distribution: How to Approach a Programmed Delivery?. J Pharm Innov 18, 79–89 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12247-022-09623-3

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