Skip to main content
Log in

Finding of Re Sulfides in Copper-Sulfide Ores of the Maike Occurrence, Ulytau, Central Kazakhstan

  • MINERALS AND MINERAL PARAGENESES
  • Published:
Geology of Ore Deposits Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Microinclusions of Re-, Mo-, Cu-, Pb-, and Bi-bearing sulfides are found for the first time in Cu sulfide ores of the Maike occurrence, northern Ulytau. The microinclusions are characterized by various morphologies and chemical compositions. According to microprobe data, eight sulfides contain up to 49.46 wt % Re, as well as Fe, Cu, Mo, Pb, and Bi. The formulas of sulfides are (Re,Mo,Cu ± Fe,Os,Pt)2S3, (Re,Mo)S2, ReS3, Re2S7, (Pb,Re,Zn)S2, (Pb,Re,Fe)S2, (Pb,Re,Fe)2S3, and (Re,Fe)(Pb,Bi)S3. For the first time, we identified a previously unknown Pb–Re–Zn–S phase, a Rh and Sb assemblage in a Re–Fe–Pb–Bi–S mineral phase, and ReS3 and Re2S7 sulfides.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Barkov, A.Y. and Lednev, A.I., A rhenium-molybdenum-copper sulfide from the Lukkulaisvarra layered intrusion, northern Karelia, Russia, Eur. J. Mineral., 1993, vol. 6, pp. 1227–1233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Bernard, A., and Dumortier, P., Identification of natural rhenium sulfide (ReS2) in volcanic fumaroles from Usu yolcaпo, Hokkaido, Japan, Proc. XI Int. Cong. oп Electron Microscopy, Kyoto, 1986, pp. 691–693.

  3. Betekhtin, A.G., Mineralogy, Moscow: Gosgeolizdat, 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bobrov, A.B., Gursky, D.S., Goshovsky, S.V., Merkushin, I.E., Voloshin, A.V., Stepanyuk, L.N., Lysenko, A.A., and Fedorishin, Yu.I., Metal rhenium in natural geological systems: the first world experience of description on the example of the ultrabasic massifs of the Middle Pobuzh’ya (Ukrainian shield), Sb. Nauk. Pr. Ukr. Gos. Geologorazved. Inst., 2007, no. 2, pp. 60–82.

  5. Bulakh, A.G., Rukovodstvo i tablitsy dlya rascheta formul mineralov (Manual and Tables for the Calculation of Mineral Formulas), Moscow: Nedra, 1964.

  6. Chudin, S.S. and Voinov, V.N., Natural fullerenes of Northern Kazakhstan, Gorno-Geol. Zh., 2013, no. 1, pp. 7–10.

  7. Dare, S.A.S., Barnes, S.-J., Prichard, H.M., and Fisher, P.C., The timing and formation of platinum-group minerals from the Creighton Ni–Cu–platinum-group element sulfide deposit, Sudbury, Canada: Early crystallization of PGE-rich sulfarsenides, Soc. Econ. Geologists, Inc. Econ. Geol., 2010, vol. 105, pp. 1071–1096.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Drábek, M., Rieder, M.B., and Hmova, V., The Re-Mo-S system: new data on phase relations between 400 and 1200°C, Eur. J. Mineral., 2010, vol. 22, pp. 479–484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Ekström, M. and Hålenius, U., A new rhenium-rich sulfide from two Swedish localities, N. Jb. Mineral. Mn, 1982, vol. 1, pp. 6–10.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Fine, E.E., Rhenium and radiogenic osmium in the natural objects and technological processes, Extended Abstract of Doctoral (Geol.-Min) Dissertaion, Almaty, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Genkin, A.D., Poplavko, E.M., Gorshkov, A.N., Tsepin, A.N., and Sivtsov, A.V., New data on dzhezkazganite—sulfide of rhenium, molybdenum, copper, lead from the Dzhezkazgan deposit (Kazakhstan), Geol. Rudn. Mestorozhd., 1994, vol. 36, no. 26, pp. 536–544.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Grachev, A.F., Borisovskiy, S.E., and Grigor’eva, A.V., The first find of native rhenium in the transition layer of clays at the border of the Cretaceous and Paleogene in the Gams section (Eastern Alps, Austria), Dokl. Earth Sci., 2008, vol. 422, no. 1, pp. 1065–1067.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Gursky, D.S., Bobrov, O.B., Nakhlupin, V.G., Merkushin, I.E., Voloshin, O.V., Stepanyuk, L.M., and Lysenko, O.A., The first finding of noble rhenium in ultrabasic massifs of the Middle Bug area (Ukrainian shield), Mineral. Res. Ukr., 2007, no. 1, pp. 23–32.

  14. Knunyants, I.L., Khimicheskaya Entsiklpediya (Soviet Encyclopedia), 1995, vol. 4, p. 639.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Kojonen, K.K., Roberts, A.C., Isomaki, O.P., Knauff, V.V., Johanson, B., and Pakkanen, L., Tarkianite, (Cu,Fe)(Re,Mo)4S8, a new mineral species from the Hitura mine, Nivala, Finland, Can. Mineral., 2004, vol. 42, pp. 539–544.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Korzhinsky, M.A., Tkachenko, S.I., Shmulovich, K.I., Taran, Yu.A., and Shteinberg, G.S., Discovery of pure rhenium mineral at Kudriavy volcano, Nature, 1994, vol. 369, pp. 51–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kosyak, E.A., Composition of rhenium mineral from Dzhezkazgan ores, Zap. Vsesoyuz. Mineral. O-va, 1968, vol. 97, no. 2, pp. 213–216.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Kuleshevich, L.V., Lavrov, O.B., and Golubev, A.I., Voronov Bor gold-bearing copper–sulphide deposit and the prospects for the copper–sulfide occurrences of Karelia, In: Geologiya i poleznye iskopaemye Karelii (Geology and Minerals of Karelia), Petrozavodsk: KarRC RAS, 2009, vol. 12, pp. 27–47.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Lavrov, O.B. and Kuleshevich, L.V., The first finds of rhenium minerals in Karelia, Dokl. Earth Sci., 2010, vol. 432, no. 1, pp. 598–601.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Mitchell, R.H., Laflamme, J.H., and Cabri, L.J., Rhenium sulfide from the Coldwell Complex, northwester Ontario, Mineral. Mag., 1989, vol. 53, pp. 635–637.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Nsanov, R.A., Yttrium–Rare-Earth Mineralization in the Weathering Crust of the Mayatass Ore Field, Extended Abstract of Cand. (Geol.-Min) Diss., 1993.

  22. Panagiotis, V., Vasilios, M., Paul, G.S., Luca, B., Robert, M., Melissa, O., and Tamara, K., Extremely Re-rich molybdenite from porphyry Cu–Mo–Au prospects in Northeastern Greece: Mode of occurrence causes of enrichment, and Implications for gold exploration, Minerals, 2013, vol. 3, pp. 165–191.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Peltonen, P., Pakkanen, L., and Johanson, B., Re–Mo–Cu–Os sulphide from the Ekojoki Ni-Cu deposit, SW Finland, Mineral. Petrol., 1995, vol. 52, pp. 257–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Poplavko, E.M., Ivanov, V.V., and Serkis, Yu.G., On geochemical features and conditions for the formation of copper sandstones and shale, Geokhimiya, 1977, no. 8, pp. 1217–1233.

  25. Power, M.R., Pirrie, D., Jedwab, J., and Stanley, C.J., Platinum-group element mineralization in an As-rich magmatic sulfide system, Talnotry, southwest Scotland, Mineral. Mag., 2004, vol. 68, pp. 395–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Rafalson, M.B. and Sorokin, N.D., Determination of native rhenium in wolframite by the method of local X-ray spectral analysis, In: Voprosy geokhimii i tipomorfism mineralov (Problems of Geochemistry and Mineral Typomorphism), Leningrad: LSU, 1976, vol. 1, pp. 62–66.

  27. Samotoin, N.D., Magazina, L.O., and Znamenskii, V.S., Structural and morphological characteristics of natural rhenium disulfide from fumarole of Kudryavyi volcano, Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 1995, vol. 345, no. 4, pp. 518–522.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Samsonov, G.V. and Drozdova, S.V., Sul’fidy (Sulfides), Moscow: Metallurgy, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Stepanets, V.G., Levin, V.L., Bekenova, G.K., Li, E.S., Zhukov, N.M., and Khakimzhanov, M., Minerals of noble and rare elements in Karaturgay and Mayke ore types of Mayatas ore region (North Ulytau, Kazakhstan), News NAN PR. Series Geol. Techn., 2019, vol. 2, pp. 21–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Tarkian, M., Housley, R.M., Volborth, R.M., Greis, O., and Moh, G., Unnamed Re-Mo-Cu sulfide from the Stillwater Complex, and crystal chemistry of its synthetic equivalent spinel type (Cu, Fe)(Re, Mo)4S8, Eur. J. Mineral., 1991, vol. 3, pp. 977–982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Turesebekov, A.Kh., Sharipov, Kh.T., Turamuratov, I.B., Luzanovsky, A.G., Vasilevsky, B.B., and Rakhimov, R.R., Rhenium of Uzbekistan, Gorn. Vestn. Uzbekistana, 2007, no. 1, pp. 14–21.

  32. Vishnevskaya, I.I. and Trusova, I.F., West Ulytau belt of ultrabasic and basic rocks, Geol. Razvedka, 1967, no. 11, pp. 32–43.

  33. Voudouris, P.C., Melfos, V., Spry, P.G., Bindi, L., Kartal, T., Arikas, K., Moritz, R., and Ortelli, M., Rheniumrich molybdenite and rheniite (ReS2) in the Pagoni Rachi-Kirki Mo–Cu–Te–Ag–Au deposit, Northern Greece: Implications for the rhenium geochemistry of porphyry style Cu–Mo and Mo mineralization, Can. Mineral., 2009, vol. 47, pp. 1013–1036.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Znamenskii, V.S., Korzhinsky, M.A., Shteinberg, G.S., Tka-chenko, S.I., Yakushev, A.I., Laputina, I.P., Bryzgalov, I.A., Samotoin, N.D., Magazina, L.O., Kuzmina, O.V., Organova, N.I., Rassulov, V.A., and Chaplygin, I.V., Rhenite, ReS2—natural rhenium disulphide from the fumarol of the Kudryavy volcano (Iturup island, Kuril Islands), Zap. Ross. Mineral. O-va, 2005, vol. 134, no. 5, pp. 32–391.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Znamenskii, V.S. and Yakushev, A.I., Das erste rhenium–mineral vom Vukan Kudriavy, Kurilen, Lapis, 2000, Jg. 25, no.1, pp. 21.

Download references

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors are grateful to the reviewers of the journal Zapiski RMO for friendly criticism that significantly improved the quality of the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (project no. 0302/GF 4) “Creation of a Database on Unique, Rare, and Weakly Studied Minerals of Precious and Rare Metal Deposits of Kazakhstan for Comprehensive Exploration of Mineral Raw Materials.”

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to V. L. Levin, V. G. Stepanets, E. S. Li, G. K. Bekenova or M. S. Khakimdzhanov.

Ethics declarations

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Translated by I. Melekestseva

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Levin, V.L., Stepanets, V.G., Li, E.S. et al. Finding of Re Sulfides in Copper-Sulfide Ores of the Maike Occurrence, Ulytau, Central Kazakhstan. Geol. Ore Deposits 63, 830–841 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075701521080067

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075701521080067

Keywords:

Navigation