Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Comparison of phenolic compounds contained in Aquilaria leaves of different species

  • Natural Resource Letter
  • Published:
Journal of Natural Medicines Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Leaves of Aquilaria plants contain a variety of phenolic compounds such as iriflophenone glycosides, mangiferin, and genkwanin. Previous studies showed that Aquilaria leaf extracts exhibit many pharmacological activities, including antidiabetic and laxative effects. However, a few studies have reported differences in the chemical content and compositions of Aquilaria species. Here, three Aquilaria species were identified using matK and trnL–trnF sequences and their leaves were analyzed by HPLC and LC/MS. Comparison of the chemical components and α-glucosidase inhibition activity of the three species showed that the level of iriflophenone glycosides in A. rugosa was higher than in A. sinensis and A. crassna. There was no difference in the α-glucosidase inhibition activity of leaf extracts of the three species, but the strength of the inhibition activity can possibly be explained by the total sum of active compounds in the leaf extracts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  1. Zhou M, Wang H, Suolangjiba KJ, Yu B (2008) Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg. Leaves extract. J Ethnopharmacol 117:345–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.02.005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Adam AZ, Lee SY, Mohamed R (2017) Pharmacological properties of agarwood tea derived from Aquilaria (Thymelaeaceae) leaves: an emerging contemporary herbal drink. J Herb Med 10:37–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2017.06.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Kakino M, Izuta H, Ito T, Tsumura K, Araki Y, Shimazawa M, Oyama M, Iinuma M, Hara H (2010) Agarwood induced laxative effects via acetylcholine receptors on loperamide-induced constipation in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 74:1550–1555. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.100122

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Tay PY, Tan CP, Abas F, Yim HS, Ho CW (2014) Assessment of extraction parameters on antioxidant capacity, polyphenol content, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and iriflophenone 3-C-β-glucoside of agarwood (Aquilaria crassna) young leaves. Molecules 19:12304–12319. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190812304

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Eissa MA, Hashim YZ, El-Kersh DM, Abd-Azziz SSS, Salleh MH, Muhammad Lokman Md, Isa NM, Warif A (2020) Metabolite profiling of Aquilaria malaccensis leaf extract using liquid chromatography-Q-TOF-mass spectrometry and investigation of its potential antilipoxygenase activity in-vitro. Processes 8:202. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8020202

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Feng J, Yang XW, Wang RF (2011) Bio-assay guided isolation and identification of α-glucosidase inhibitors from the leaves of Aquilaria sinensis. Phytochemistry 72:242–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.11.025

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Hara H, Ise Y, Morimoto N, Shimazawa M, Ichihashi K, Ohyama M, Iinuma M (2008) Laxative effect of agarwood leaves and its mechanism. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:335–345. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.70361

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Le-Cong K, Kessler PJA, Eurlings M (2005) A new species of Aquilaria (Thymelaeaceae) from Vietnam. Blumea 50:135–141. https://doi.org/10.3767/000651905X623319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Lee SY, Ng WL, Mahat MN, Nazre M, Mohamed R (2016) DNA barcoding of the endangered Aquilaria (Thymelaeaceae) and its application in species authentication of agarwood products traded in the market. PLoS One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154631

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Tanaka S, Ito M (2020) DNA barcoding for identification of agarwood source species using trnL-trnF and matK DNA sequences. J Nat Med 74:42–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-019-01338-z

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Ito T, Kakino M, Tazawa S, Watarai T, Oyama M, Maruyama H, Araki Y, Hara H, Iinuma M (2012) Quantification of polyphenols and pharamacological analysis of water and ethanol-based extracts of cultivated agarwood leaves. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 58:136–142. https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.58.136

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Phan MAT, Wang J, Tang J, Lee YZ, Ng K (2013) Evaluation of α-glucosidase inhibition potential of some flavonoids from Epimedium brevicornum. LWT Food Sci Technol 53:492–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2013.04.002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Yu Q, Qi J, Yu HX, Chen LL, Kou JP, Liu SJ, Yu BY (2013) Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds in the leaves of Aquilaria sinensis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Phytochem Anal 24:349–356. https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.2416

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Fujita M, Inoue T (1980) Biosynthesis of mangiferin in Anemarrhena asphodeloides bunge. II. C-glucosylation of mangiferin. Chem Pharm Bull 28:2482–2486. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.28.2482

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Nadilah WA, Ali AM, Mamat WNAW, Mahmod NH (2019) Evaluation of DPPH free radical scavenging, α-glucosidase inhibitory, and antimicrobial activities of Aquilaria malaccensis leaf extracts. J Agrobiotechnology 10:36–45. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.25987.35368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Thitikornpong W, Palanuvej C, Ruangrungsi N (2019) In vitro antidiabetic, antioxidation and cytotoxicity activities of ethanolic extract of Aquilaria crassna leaves and its active compound; mangiferin. Indian J Tradit Knowl 18:144–150

    Google Scholar 

  17. Rashid ZM, Nasir NNM, Ahmad WNW, Mahmod NH (2020) α-Glucosidase inhibition, DPPH scavenging activities and chemical analysis of polysaccharide extracts from Aquilaria sp. leaves. J Agrobiotechnology 11:59–69. https://doi.org/10.37231/jab.2020.11.2.225

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We express our thanks to Mr. Kongwany Sydara, the Traditional Medicine Research Center, Ministry of Health, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, for providing A. rugosa seeds for use in experiments.

Funding

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Pharmacy, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan

    Honoka Ito & Michiho Ito

Authors
  1. Honoka Ito
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michiho Ito
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

HI and MI were involved in study design and data interpretation. HI performed the data analysis. All authors critically revised the report, commented on drafts of the manuscript, and approved the final report.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michiho Ito.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Informed consent

Not applicable.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ito, H., Ito, M. Comparison of phenolic compounds contained in Aquilaria leaves of different species. J Nat Med 76, 693–702 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-022-01608-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-022-01608-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation