Abstract
Sugarcane crops are dependent on chemicals for maintaining plantations. Therefore, environmental consequences concern adjacent areas that can be affected by contaminants in common use, including pesticides and vinasse (i.e., a by-product from the ethanol industry). This study aimed to evaluate phytotoxicity through two plant bioassays with water from mesocosms contaminated with the herbicide 2,4-D (447.0 μg L−1), the insecticide fipronil (63.5 μg L−1), and sugarcane vinasse (1.3%). First, the germination test (4 d) with Eruca sativa L. assessed water samples collected three times after the contamination (2 h, 14 d, and 30 d), considering germination, shoot, and root growth. The results from this bioassay indicated higher phytotoxicity for 2,4-D as it fully inhibited the shoot and root growth even in low concentrations (0.2 μg L−1). However, no significant effect was reported for fipronil and vinasse. Also, the 2,4-D effects drastically decreased due to an expressive concentration reduction (99.4% after 30 d in mixture with vinasse). Second, the irrigation test with Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Zea mays L. considered shoot and root growth and biomass under 21 days after plants emergence. The herbicide 2,4-D inhibited the initial growth of tested species, especially the roots (up to 45% inhibition). Furthermore, sugarcane vinasse caused harmful effects on plant growth (up to 31% inhibition). Therefore, our data showed that these contaminants could inhibit plant germination and initial growth under our tested conditions. These evaluations can endorse risk assessments and water management in sugarcane crops surrounding areas.
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Funding
This work was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, Brazil, Process 2015/18790-3); A.P.O. has a PhD scholarship from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brazil, Process 140411/2018-6); L.C.M.S., T.J.S.P., L.F.P.L., M.P.C.Y., and B.V.G. have PhD scholarships from the CNPq and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). In addition, G.S.N. had an undergraduate research Scholarship from CNPq (Process 125604/2019-0); and J.S.F. and R.A.M. had FAPESP postdoctoral grants (Process 2017/24126-4 and 2017/13377-6, respectively).
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APO: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing- Original draft, Project administration; RAM: Investigation, Writing- Reviewing and Editing; LCMdS: Formal analysis, Investigation; GSN: Investigation; JSF: Investigation; TJdSP: Investigation; LFdPL: Investigation; MPCY: Investigation; BVG: Investigation; CCM: Methodology, Resources, Funding acquisition; ELGE: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing- Reviewing and Editing, Supervision, Resources, Funding acquisition.
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Ogura, A.P., Moreira, R.A., da Silva, L.C.M. et al. Irrigation with Water Contaminated by Sugarcane Pesticides and Vinasse Can Inhibit Seed Germination and Crops Initial Growth. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 82, 330–340 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-022-00914-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-022-00914-x