Abstract
The spread of alien aquatic plants can disrupt freshwater ecosystems. Species distribution models are useful tools for managing biological invasions. This study uses MaxEnt models incorporating land cover and meteorological data to predict areas in the Kanto region that are at high risk of invasion by three alien aquatic plants (water speedwell, Veronica anagallis-aquatica, parrot’s feather Myriophyllum aquaticum, and Senegal tea plant Gymnocoronis spilanthoides). The Kanto region encompasses the Tokyo metropolitan area and Kanto plain, which is the largest plain in Japan. The potential invasion risk map shows lowland alluvial zones, especially along rivers that are at high risk of invasion by the three alien aquatic plants. The top three highest environmental variables were where the areas of rivers and lakes, Kira’s warmth index and building areas contributed toward the models. The results of the MaxEnt models are consistent with the habitat preferences of the three aquatic plant species; they typically inhabit slow-running or stagnant waters and are tolerant of eutrophication. The risk of invasion by V. anagallis-aquatica upstream tended to be higher than by M. aquaticum or G. spilanthoides because V. anagallis-aquatica can adapt to a lotic environment.
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Acknowledgements
My sincere thanks to the Department of Environment Nature Conservation and Greenery Division Wildlife charge, Saitama prefecture for providing occurrence data of invasive plants collected by citizen monitoring. Appreciation also goes to the citizen participants in the citizen monitoring of invasive species in Saitama prefecture. Thanks also goes to Dr. Tsunoda H for advice on modeling. This study was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant Number 19K24393.
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Yasuno, N. Potential risk maps for invasive aquatic plants in Kanto region, Japan. Landscape Ecol Eng 18, 299–305 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11355-022-00499-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11355-022-00499-6