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Width of the temperature range for seed germination of herbaceous plant species in temperate eastern North America: life cycles, seasons and temperature variation and implication for climate warming

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 February 2022

Carol C. Baskin ,
Jerry M. Baskin ,
Xiao Wen Hu Open the ORCID record for Xiao Wen Hu [Opens in a new window]  and
Chun Hui Zhang
Carol C. Baskin
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0321, USA
Jerry M. Baskin
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA
Xiao Wen Hu*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
Chun Hui Zhang
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
*
*Correspondence: Xiao Wen Hu, E-mail: huxw@lzu.edu.cn
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Abstract

To persist (without immigration) in habitats with unpredictable environmental conditions, annuals must produce seeds each year or have a seed bank. Thus, we predicted that compared to perennials, annuals have a wider germination temperature range (GTR, the difference in temperature between the week with the highest and the week with the lowest germination during the natural germination season). We determined the GTR via germination phenology data for 350 herbaceous species in 59 families from the eastern USA: summer annuals (SA), 63; winter annuals (WA), 83; monocarpic perennials (MP), 28; and polycarpic perennials (PP), 176. There was no significant phylogenetic signal for the GTR. The width of the GTR during the first spring germination season was 9.6, 8.7 and 8.8°C for MP, PP and SA, respectively, and during the first autumn germination season 12.8, 11.8 and 12.4°C for MP, PP and WA, respectively. Annuals did not have a wider GTR than perennials in either the spring or the autumn germination season. Our data suggest that selection for early germination in either spring or autumn has resulted in only small differences in the GTR. We predict that global warming will have little or no effect on reshaping the germination phenology of herbaceous species of temperate eastern North America.

Keywords

climate changegermination phenologymonocarpic perennialspolycarpic perennialsseed banksummer annualswinter annuals
Type
Research Paper
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 32 , Issue 1 , March 2022 , pp. 13 - 22
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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