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The effects of inter-annual fluctuations in precipitation, lake surface area, and wind speed on phytoplankton structure in three shallow Mediterranean lakes (Sakarya, Turkey)

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Abstract

Phytoplankton biomass, diversity, functional groups (FGs), and environmental parameters in three shallow lakes were evaluated to show the inter-annual fluctuations in precipitation, lake surface area, and wind speed which might affect the community structure and distribution of phytoplankton. Three lakes (Taşkısığı, Little Akgöl, and Poyrazlar) in Sakarya province (Turkey) were sampled taking into account two periods (Period A and Period B). Monthly (PRE)–daily (dPRE) total precipitation, lake surface area, and monthly (WD)–daily (dWD) average wind speed values were obtained higher in Period B. Moreover, in Period B, probably due to increased runoff, high total phosphorus values were recorded which slightly triggers the increase in biomass. Besides, higher WD and dWD values have also caused biomass increase due to the reinforcement of nutrients to the water column from the sediment in this period. It is thought that the increase in the species richness and diversity values in Period B is related to the unstable environmental conditions as well as their relationship with water temperature, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, specific conductance, soluble silica, and pH. During the studied periods, 16 phytoplankton functional groups (FGs) were prominent in the total biomass; however, FGs F, N, X1, X2, Lo, and T were abundant during Period A, while Y, E, W1, and H1 were important components of phytoplankton during Period B. Light availability was low in both periods; therefore, FGs that prefer or are tolerant to low light conditions were dominant in the lakes. However, elevated light availability in some months of Period B has selected coda W1 and H1. Higher nutrient levels in Period B have also determined the distribution of the FGs, and FGs that prefer or are tolerant to high nutrient conditions were prominent in this period.

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Acknowledgements

The support for this research from Sakarya University Research Foundation (2014-L02-20-001) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also would like to thank to Şeyma Nur KÜÇÜKKAYA, Zuhal DURGUT KINALI, and Nisa YILDIRIM GÜRSOY for their help in the field sampling during the first period.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Sakarya University, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey

    Tuğba Ongun Sevindik, Mehmet Erdoğan, Hatice Tunca & Uğur Güzel

  2. Sakarya University Research, Development and Application Center (SARGEM), Esentepe Campus, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey

    Mehmet Korhan Erturaç

Authors
  1. Tuğba Ongun Sevindik
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  2. Mehmet Erdoğan
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  3. Hatice Tunca
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  4. Uğur Güzel
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  5. Mehmet Korhan Erturaç
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Contributions

TOS designed the experiments, analyzed the data, and wrote the text. ME and HT conducted the field sampling. UG and HT made chemical analyses of water samples. TOS identified and counted the phytoplankton. MKE determined the surface area of lakes using satellite images.

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Correspondence to Tuğba Ongun Sevindik.

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Ongun Sevindik, T., Erdoğan, M., Tunca, H. et al. The effects of inter-annual fluctuations in precipitation, lake surface area, and wind speed on phytoplankton structure in three shallow Mediterranean lakes (Sakarya, Turkey). Aquat Ecol 56, 697–718 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-021-09929-3

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