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Genetic variations and population level admixture assessment for conservation planning of endangered Zanthoxylum armatum DC. in Western Himalaya

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Abstract

Zanthoxylum armatum DC. (Family Rutaceae) is an important species gaining tremendous popularity owing to its multiple uses in diverse medicine systems. The species is harvested from the wild to meet the demand for pharmaceutical and domestic purposes. However, overexploitation of Z. armatum has imposed severe pressure on this species in its natural habitat. Therefore, there is an urgent need of conservation and sustainable utilization of this species. In the present study, population level admixture and genetic variations among 100 individuals collected from 19 distant populations of Z. armatum was investigated using random amplified polymorphic DNA and Inter simple sequence repeats markers. At population level, low genetic diversity (He = 0.298 and 0.346 respectively) was recorded as compared to species level by using both type of markers. Analysis of molecular variance exhibited low among population differences (14 and 11%, respectively) and high intra population variations. The study revealed high genetic differentiation and small gene flow in Z. armatum. Based on the genetic data obtained from this study, we recommend diverse approaches for conservation to efficiently manage this endangered species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Z. armatum from Uttarakhand, a Western Himalayan state of India.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Dr. Ranbeer S. Rawal, Director, GBPNIHE, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora for facilities and encouragement. Help obtained from the members of BCM & BTA Theme is highly acknowledged.

Funding

This study was supported by UCOST, Dehradun and National Medicinal Plant Board (NMPB), New Delhi (File No. Z.18017/187/CSS/R&D/UK-01/2019-20-NMPB-IV A).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Uttarakhand Council for Biotechnology Biotech Bhavan, Pantnagar P.O. Haldi, District- U. S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, 263146, India

    Sumit Purohit

  2. G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Garhwal Regional Centre, Uttarakhand, Srinagar, Garhwal, India

    Arun K. Jugran

  3. G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhnad, India

    Indra D. Bhatt & Shyamal K. Nandi

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  1. Sumit Purohit
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  4. Shyamal K. Nandi
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Contributions

AKJ, IDB and SKN conceptualized the study. SP and AKJ standardized methodology and conducted the experiments. AKJ performed data analysis. IBD and SKN contributed in management of resources and funds. SP and AKJ contributed in Writing—Original Draft of the MS. All authors contributed in Writing—Review and Editing of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Arun K. Jugran.

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All authors declare no conflicts of interest in publishing this MS. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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This MS is the authors' own original work, which has not been previously published elsewhere. The paper is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere. The paper reflects the authors' own research and analysis in a truthful and complete manner.

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Both Sumit Purohit and Arun K. Jugran shared first co-authorship.

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Purohit, S., Jugran, A.K., Bhatt, I.D. et al. Genetic variations and population level admixture assessment for conservation planning of endangered Zanthoxylum armatum DC. in Western Himalaya. Genet Resour Crop Evol 69, 1737–1752 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01337-8

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