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Experimental energy, exergy, and exergoeconomic (3E) analysis of biomass gasifier operated paddy dryer in parboiling industry

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Abstract

The increasing consumption of fossil fuels, along with the impending threat of global warming, has motivated research into renewable and environmentally friendly energy sources. Biomass gasification has been identified as a viable solution for a sustainable drying process. In the present study, a biomass gasifier operated reversible airflow flatbed dryer (BG-RAFD) system has been developed and experimented for drying parboiled paddy. Based on the experimental data, energy, exergy, and exergoeconomic parameters have been investigated. The parboiled paddy of 30 kg has been dried to remove the moisture content from 38.44 to 14% in 6.5 h at the average drying air temperature and drying air velocity of 80 °C and 0.05 m/s, respectively. The average energy utilization (EU) by the parboiled paddy and energy utilization ratio (EUR) of the dryer are found as 0.52 and 22.96%, respectively. The exergy destruction is maximum for the hot air generator (HAG) with 2.570 kW, followed by the biomass gasifier (BG) with 1.584 kW. The exergy efficiency of the BG-RAFD system is found as 21.28%. The maximum exergy efficiency is found in the air duct (AD) and the BG with 76.21% and 70.93%, respectively. Due to the huge purchased equipment cost (PEC), the total exergy cost of BG becomes high at 0.143 $/h. Based on the exergoeconomic factor, it is observed that the most important system component which is needed to improve are BG and gas conditioner (GC). The present study reveals that the BG-RAFD is more efficient when compared with conventional drying systems and it can be recommended in the rice parboiling industries.

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Abbreviations

B :

Experimental result

c :

Unit exergy cost ($/GJ)

\(\dot{C}\) :

Exergy cost rate ($/h)

c p :

Specific heat capacity (kJ/kg K)

CV :

Calorific value (kJ/kg)

\(\dot{E}\) :

Energy rate (kW)

EU :

Energy utilization (kW)

EUR :

Energy utilization ratio (%)

\(\dot{E}x\) :

Exergy rate (kW)

\({f}_{\text{ex}}\) :

Exergoeconomic factor

h :

Specific enthalpy (kJ/kg)

h v :

Heat of vaporization (kJ/kg)

i :

Interest rate

IMC :

Instant moisture content (%)

LHV :

Lower heating value (kJ/kg)

m :

Mass (kg)

\(\dot{\mathrm{m}}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg/s)

MC :

Moisture content (%)

n :

Number of years

t :

Time, h

T :

Temperature (˚C)

T 0 :

Reference temperature (˚C)

U :

Uncertainty (%)

u 1 , u 2 , … .,u n :

Uncertainty in independent variable

w 1 , w 2 , … , w n :

Independent variables

\(\dot{Z}\) :

Cost rate by investment, operating and maintenance ($/h)

I, II, III, IV, V:

Component number

AD:

Air duct

BG:

Biomass gasifier

B-T:

Bottom to top

BG-RAFD:

Biomass gasifier operated reversible airflow flatbed dryer

CR:

Cost ratio

CRF:

Capital recovery factor

DC:

Crying cabinet

ER:

Equivalence ratio

GC:

Gas conditioner

HAG:

Hot air generator

HPD:

Heat pump dryer

PEC:

Purchased equipment cost

P1, P2, P3, P4:

Port

RAFD:

Reversible airflow flatbed dryer

SAHPD:

Solar-assisted heat pump dryer

T-B:

Top to bottom

USD:

United states dollar

a:

Air

da:

Drying air

ea:

Exit air

fi:

Final

fg:

Flue gas

ha:

Hot air

i:

Inlet

in:

Inlet

k:

Kth component

o:

Outlet

PG:

Producer gas

q:

Heat

RH:

Rice husk

w:

Work

wa:

Water

CI:

Capital investment

OM:

Operation and maintenance cost

\(\eta\) :

Energy efficiency (%)

\(\varphi\) :

Exergy ratio

\(\psi\) :

Exergy efficiency (%)

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India for providing financial support through a project scheme under reference no. TNSCST/SPS/ EME-014/2019-20.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti, Tamil Nadu, India

    W. Beno Wincy

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College of Engineering, Nagercoil, Anna University Constituent College, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India

    M. Edwin

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Wincy, W.B., Edwin, M. Experimental energy, exergy, and exergoeconomic (3E) analysis of biomass gasifier operated paddy dryer in parboiling industry. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 17149–17164 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-02156-8

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